Fig. 1.

sakA is epistatic to atfA; the SakA–AtfA pathway regulates different antioxidant responses in spores versus mycelia.

A. Conidia (1 × 10⁴) from strains CLK43 (wild type; WT), TOL1 (ΔsakA) and TFLΔatfA-02 (ΔatfA) were inoculated on supplemented MM plates containing t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH), menadione (Md), paraquat (Pq) or methylglyoxal (MG), at the indicated concentrations, and incubated at 37°C for 4 days.

B. Conidia from strains CLK43 (WT), TOL1 (ΔsakA), TFLΔatfA-02 (ΔatfA), TRN1 (ΔcatA) and TLK12 (ΔcatB) were inoculated as in (A) on plates containing 3 or 4 mM H₂O₂.

C. Mycelial plugs cut from the growing edge of 5-day colonies from strains CLK43 (WT), TOL1 (ΔsakA), TFLΔatfA-02 (ΔatfA), TRN1 (ΔcatA) and TLK12 (ΔcatB) were transferred to plates containing the indicated compounds and incubated at 37°C during 4 days.

D. Conidia (1 × 10⁴) and mycelial plugs from strains 11035 (WT), TFLΔsakA-03 (ΔsakA), TFLΔatfA-04 (ΔatfA) and TFL4 (ΔsakA ΔatfA) were inoculated on plates containing the indicated concentrations of H₂O₂ and t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) and incubated for 4 days at 37°C.See Table 2 for full strain genotypes.