Table 4.
Combined pulmonary function tests as predictors of radiographic emphysema.
| Criteria | Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) | LR+ | LR− |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEV1/FVC < LLN (NHANES) | 79 (71–85) | 74 (64–81) | 2.97 | 0.29 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and RV/TLC > ULN | 79 (72–87) | 72 (62–80) | 2.79 | 0.29 |
| FEV1/FVC <70% and FEV1 < LLN | 80 (73–87) | 63 (53–72) | 2.16 | 0.31 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEV3/FVC < LLN | 80 (72–87) | 65 (54–73) | 2.27 | 0.31 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and TLC > ULN | 80 (72–87) | 74 (64–81) | 3.03 | 0.27 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and RV > ULN | 81 (73–87) | 70 (60–78) | 2.66 | 0.27 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and RV > ULN and TLC > ULN | 82 (74–88) | 70 (60–78) | 2.69 | 0.26 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEF25–75 < LLN | 84 (77–90) | 38 (29–48) | 1.36 | 0.41 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEV1 < LLN and FEV3/FVC < LLN and FEF25–75 < LLN | 87 (80–92) | 27 (19–37) | 1.20 | 0.48 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEV3/FVC < LLN and DLCO < LLN | 93 (87–97) | 16 (10–25) | 1.11 | 0.42 |
| FEV1/FVC<70% and DLCO<LLN | 93 (87–97) | 21 (14–30) | 1.19 | 0.32 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and DLCO < LLN and RV/TLC > ULN | 93 (87–97) | 21 (14–30) | 1.19 | 0.32 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and DLCO < LLN and RV > ULN | 94 (89–97) | 21 (14–30) | 1.20 | 0.28 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEF25–75 < LLN and DLCO < LLN | 95 (90–98) | 13 (8–21) | 1.09 | 0.39 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and DLCO < LLN and TLC > ULN | 95 (90–98) | 21 (14–30) | 1.21 | 0.24 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and DLCO < LLN and RV > ULN and TLC > ULN | 95 (90–98) | 21 (14–30) | 1.21 | 0.24 |
| FEV1/FVC < 70% and FEF25–75 < LLN and DLCO < LLN and RV > ULN and TLC > ULN | 97 (92–99) | 13 (8–21) | 1.11 | 0.26 |
*
LR+ = positive likelihood ratio; LR− = negative likelihood ratio; LLN = lower limit of normal; ULN = upper limit of normal; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second (post-bronchodilator); FVC = forced vital capacity; FEV3 = forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds; FEF25–75 = forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of expired FVC; RV = residual volume; TLC = total lung capacity; DLCO = diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.