Table 1.
Characteristics of 3501 CARDIA participants at Year 20 examination by race
| Characteristic | Black (n = 1651) | White (n = 1898) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or n (%) | |||
| Age | 45 ± 4 | 46 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| Female | 991 (61%) | 989 (53%) | <0.001 |
| Income | <0.001 | ||
| <$25 000 | 392 (24%) | 148 (8%) | |
| $25 000–$49 999 | 411 (25%) | 263 (14%) | |
| $50 000+ | 788 (48%) | 1447 (77%) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Less than high school graduate | 108 (7%) | 40 (2%) | |
| High school graduate | 449 (28%) | 242 (13%) | |
| Some college | 569 (35%) | 376 (20%) | |
| College | 322 (20%) | 581 (31%) | |
| More than college | 167 (10%) | 628 (34%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31 ± 8 | 28 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 110 ± 34 | 110 ± 31 | 0.89 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 ± 16 | 113 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 100 ± 31 | 96 ± 22 | 0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.94 ± 0.55 | 0.87 ± 0.24 | <0.001 |
| MDRD estimated GFR | 97 ± 24 | 84 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| CKD-EPI estimated GFR | 102 ± 20 | 93 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 16.5 ± 63.6 | 10.5 ± 56.2 | 0.003 |
| Hx of cardiovascular eventsa | 19 (1%) | 13 (1%) | 0.14 |
| Diabetes | 231 (14%) | 161 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 486 (30%) | 234 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Smoker | 651 (40%) | 763 (41%) | 0.69 |
a
History of cardiovascular events includes heart failure, myocardial infarction or stroke during study period.