Table 1.
Antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole against most common microorganism. Summary of published in vitro studies
| Microorganism | Number of isolates | MIC50 | MIC90 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS Staphylococcus aureus | 7433 | 0.25–0.5 | <0.125–2 | 11,12,15,17,18,20,21 |
| MR S. aureus | 6553 | 0.5–2 | 0.12–4 | 11,12,15,17,18,20–22 |
| MS coagulase negative staphylococci | 965 | <0.12–1 | ≤0.015–1 | 11,18,20,21 |
| MR coagulase negative staphylococci | 3161 | 1 | 1–2 | 11,18,20–22 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 2958 | 0.5 | 2–4 | 15,20,21 |
| E. faecium (ampicillin MIC ≤ 8 μg/mL) | 16 | 4 | 8 | 15 |
| E. faecium (ampicillin MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL) | 20 | >32 | >32 | 20 |
| Penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae | 3176 | 0.008–0.016 | 0.008–0.25 | 15,18,20,21,29 |
| Penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae | 265 | 0.06 | 0.12–0.5 | 18,20,29 |
| Penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae | 1107 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.25–2 | 15,18,20,21,29 |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 230 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 0.12–1 | 15,20,21 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 1382 | ≤0.06–≤0.125 | ≤0.06–1 | 13,15,20,21 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 51 | 0.03 | 0.06–0.12 | 15,20 |
| N. meningitidis | 24 | ≤0.002 | 0.004 | 20 |
| ESBL-negative Escherichia coli | 1172 | 0.03–0.06 | 0.06 | 15,18,20 |
| ESBL-positive E. coli | 466 | 4–>32 | >8–>32 | 15,18,20,21 |
| ESBL-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae | 766 | 0.03–≤0.125 | 0.06–0.25 | 13,15,18,20 |
| ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae | 244 | 4–64 | >32–128 | 13,15,18,20 |
| AmpC-negative Citrobacter freundii | 368 | 0.06 | 1 | 18 |
| AmpC-positive C. freundii | 19 | 2 | >32 | 18 |
| AmpC-negative Enterobacter cloacae | 286 | 0.06 | 4 | 18 |
| AmpC-positive E. cloacae | 120 | 8 | >32 | 18 |
| Proteus mirabilis | 449 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06–0.12 | 15,20,21 |
| ESBL-negative P. vulgaris | 427 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 18 |
| ESBL-positive P. vulgaris | 16 | >32 | >32 | 18 |
| Morganella morganii | 15 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 15 |
| Serratia species | 582 | ≤0.06–0.06 | 1–8 | 20,21 |
| Imipenem susceptible Acinetobacter species | 220 | 0.5 | >32 | 18 |
| Imipenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter species | 58 | >32 | >32 | 18 |
| Burkholderia cepacia | 22 | 8 | 64 | 14,20 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2741 | 2–8 | 8–32 | 12–14,20,21,32 |
| Ceftazifime-resistant P. aeruginosa | 17 | 16 | >64 | 15 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 32 | >32–>64 | >32–>64 | 14 |
| Bacteroides fragilis | 212 | 8–16 | 32–>128 | 12,15,20,34,35 |
| Clostridium species | 77 | 0.125–2 | ≤0.25–64 | 12,20,35 |
| C. difficile | 30 | 4 | 8 | 34 |
| C. perfringens | 30 | ≤0.016 | ≤0.016 | 34 |
| Peptostreptococcus species | 59 | 0.25 | 32 | 35 |
| P. anaerobius | 30 | 1–2 | 4–32 | 12,34 |
| Finegoldia magna | 50 | 0.12–0.25 | 0.25–0.5 | 12,34 |
| Fusobacterium species | 34 | 0.12 | 8 | 35 |
| F. nucleatum | 50 | ≤0.016 | ≤0.016 | 34 |
| Prevotella species | 44 | 0.12 | >128 | 35 |
| P. bivia | 47 | 4–16 | 64 | 12,34 |
Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MS, methicillin susceptible; MR, methicillin resistant.