Table 1.
Behavior of antimicrobial sensitivity of Gram-positive bacteria isolated in the period 1994–2008
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSSA, all cultures | |||||||||||||||
| n | 24 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 11 |
| Penicillin | 83.8 | 87.5 | 88.9 | 89.5 | 100 | 90.0 | 85.7 | 78.6 | 91.7 | 88.2 | 90.0 | 91.7 | 66.7 | 100 | 90.9 |
| Oxacillin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Amikacin | 0 | 0 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cotrimoxazole | 0 | 0 | 11.1 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | – | 12.5 | 33.3 | 15.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.3 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vancomycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teicoplanin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CNS, oxacillin-sensitive, all cultures | |||||||||||||||
| n | 56 | 48 | 52 | 27 | 45 | 36 | 23 | 32 | 22 | 27 | 30 | 25 | 31 | 26 | 42 |
| Penicillin | 66.1 | 79.2 | 73.1 | 74.1 | 48.9 | 66.7 | 60.9 | 53.1 | 50.0 | 55.6 | 56.7 | 56 | 66.7 | 80.8 | 73.8 |
| Amoxy-Clav | 0 | 2.1 | 7.7 | 0 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Oxacillin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Meropenem | – | – | – | – | 2.2 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cefepime | – | 12.5 | 7.7 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 8.3 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Amikacin | 0 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cotrimoxazole | 17.9 | 18.8 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 13.0 | 3.1 | 0 | 3.7 | 16.7 | 24.0 | 22.6 | 23.1 | 26.2 |
| Ciprofloxacin | – | 29.2 | 15.4 | 11.1 | 15.6 | 11.1 | 17.4 | 3.1 | 27.3 | 16.7 | – | – | 50.0 | 53.8 | 42.9 |
| Vancomycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teicoplanin | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| CNS, oxacillin-sensitive, blood cultures | |||||||||||||||
| n | 47 | 35 | 38 | 27 | 39 | 30 | 20 | 29 | 16 | 22 | 20 | 17 | 22 | 16 | 26 |
| Penicillin | 68.1 | 77.1 | 76.3 | 74.1 | 48.7 | 63.3 | 65.0 | 51.7 | 43.8 | 59.1 | 55.0 | 47.1 | 71.4 | 87.5 | 84.6 |
| Amoxy-Clav | 0 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Oxacillin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Meropenem | – | – | – | – | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cefepime | – | 10.0 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Amikacin | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | – |
| Cotrimoxazole | 8.3 | 7.7 | 15.8 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 16.7 | 0 | 3.4 | 0 | 4.5 | 20.0 | 17.6 | 22.7 | 37.5 | 30.8 |
| Ciprofloxacin | – | 15.4 | 21.1 | 11.1 | 15.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 3.4 | 0 | 20.0 | 0 | – | 50.0 | 68.8 | 50.0 |
| Vancomycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teicoplanin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Levofloxacin | |||||||||||||||
| CNS, oxacillin-resistant, all cultures | |||||||||||||||
| n | 93 | 80 | 84 | 105 | 65 | 58 | 49 | 84 | 56 | 66 | 75 | 82 | 103 | 73 | 80 |
| Penicillin | 100 | 97.4 | 100 | 99.0 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96.4 | 100 | 100 | 98.7 | 96.9 | 98.6 | 94.7 | 98 |
| Amoxy-Clav | 40.0 | 71.4 | 71.4 | 73.3 | 67.7 | 67.2 | 69.4 | 61.9 | 91.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Oxacillin | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Meropenem | – | – | – | – | 50.8 | 63.8 | 63.3 | 60.7 | 28.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cefepime | – | 71.4 | 59.5 | 53.3 | 53.8 | 60.3 | 57.1 | 73.8 | 63.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Amikacin | 6.7 | 28.8 | 29.8 | 24.8 | 29.2 | 27.6 | 46.9 | 28.6 | 32.1 | 27.3 | 29.7 | 23.2 | 24.5 | 17.8 | – |
| Cotrimoxazole | 53.3 | 60.0 | 67.9 | 79.0 | 64.6 | 56.9 | 71.4 | 44.0 | 51.2 | 74.3 | 78.7 | 70.7 | 69.6 | 61.1 | 70.0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | – | 77.5 | 70.2 | 85.7 | 80.0 | 75.9 | 87.7 | 65.5 | 83.9 | 72.7 | 0 | – | 75.0 | 85.7 | 89.8 |
| Vancomycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teicoplanin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| CNS, oxacillin-resistant, blood cultures | |||||||||||||||
| n | 89 | 71 | 79 | 91 | 61 | 48 | 45 | 75 | 47 | 62 | 59 | 71 | 81 | 57 | 58 |
| Penicillin | 100 | 97.1 | 100 | 98.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96.0 | 100 | 100 | 98.3 | 96.5 | 98.5 | 93.3 | 100 |
| Amoxy-Clav | 30.8 | 76.5 | 72.2 | 73.6 | 67.2 | 64.6 | 75.6 | 64.0 | 89.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Oxacillin | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Meropenem | – | – | – | – | 52.5 | 62.5 | 66.7 | 62.7 | 32 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cefepime | – | 77.8 | 60.8 | 52.7 | 52.5 | 58.3 | 62.2 | 72.0 | 61.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Amikacin | 0 | 29.6 | 30.4 | 24.2 | 29.5 | 27.1 | 51.1 | 32.0 | 31.8 | 29.0 | 28.8 | 19.7 | 22.2 | 22.9 | – |
| Cotrimoxazole | 46.2 | 57.7 | 68.4 | 81.3 | 62.3 | 62.5 | 75.6 | 44.0 | 51.0 | 74.2 | 76.3 | 70.4 | 67.9 | 69.6 | 60.3 |
| Ciprofloxacin | – | 74.6 | 68.4 | 84.6 | 78.7 | 75.0 | 88.9 | 64.0 | 83.1 | 72.7 | – | - | 66.7 | 88.9 | 90.0 |
| Vancomycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Teicoplanin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 0 | 2.8 | 0 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| Levofloxacin | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 78.3 | 83.7 | 82.7 | 76.7 | – | – |
Notes: n, number of isolates; –, not tested; Shown results indicate decreased sensitivity.
Abbreviations: CNS, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci; MRSA, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA, Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus.