Table 3.

Adiponectin, leptin and resistin interact with insulin in liver, pancreas, and kidney

	Hepatic gluconeogenesis	Hepatic glycogenolysis	Glucose/fatty acid disposal	Pancreatic beta cell function	Renal tubular Na resorption/wasting
Insulin	Inhibits***	Inhibits	Activates*	Inhibits	+/−
Adiponectin	Inhibits***	Inhibits	Activates*	?	?/?
Leptin	?	?	?	Inhibits**	+ indirect/+ direct
Resistin	Activates	?	Inhibits**	Inhibits	?

Notes:

^*Promoted by metformin/acetyl l-carnitine.

^**Promoted by aldosterone.

^***Promoted by acetyl l-carnitine.