Table 1.

Advancing treatment approaches in type 1 diabetes in 1993–1995

A. Diabetes control and complications trial

Multiple insulin injections were found to be associated with a lower incidence of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy

B. Captopril trial

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was found to decrease the rate of loss of renal function, using the time to doubling of serum creatinine

C. Pulsatile insulin study14

Control of high and low blood glucose in type 1 diabetic patients was found to be improved beyond use of the DCCT protocol 7 days/week by use of the DCCT protocol 6 days/week + intravenous infusions of insulin in pulses 1 day/week. Each patient was his/her own control. This study did not address long-term complications

D. Orthostatic hypotension15

Improved lifestyle with stabilization of locomotion through diminution of this neurological complication when pulsatile insulin was added 1 day/week to the DCCT protocol 6 days/week. Each patient was his/her own control

E. Hypertension16

Lower doses of antihypertensives required during 3-month rotations of the pulsatile infusion 1 day/week were added to the DCCT protocol 6 days/week

Abbreviation: DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.