Table 9.

Pulsatile insulin secretion

A. Insulin secretion Insulin is secreted ∼10 times/h85 Hormones secreted in oscillations are more efficient than when equimolar amounts are tested by continuous infusion91–93 B. Islets of Langerhans Glucagon and somatostatin secreted together at the same pace93 Insulin has a different cadence C. Type 2 diabetes Rhythm of insulin secretion disordered Amplitude increased at first, then after several years begins to decrease due to AT2 generated in islets94 D. Drugs that increase amplitude, but do not change rate of oscillations Sulfonylurea86 Glucagon-like peptide87 Sodium salicylate88 E. Drugs that decrease amplitude, but do not change secretion rate Thiazide diuretic88 α-Adrenergic agonist89,90