Floral ontogeny and development in C. maximus using SEM (C–N) and light microscopy (A and B counter-stained with safranin and fast green). (A) Inflorescences initiated from the axil of the shoot tip; (B) inflorescence with floral primordia; (C) single floral meristem before organ initiation; (D) sepal initiation; (E) petal initiation; (F) outer stamen and carpel initiation; (G) mass increase of petals, outer stamens and carpel, with similar height; (H) inner stamen initiation; (I–K) organ differentiation and rapid enlargement; (L) petal expansion; (M) ovule formation; (N) pollen formation; (O) flower maturation; (P) inflorescences showing flowers in bloom. Abaxial side is at base of figure in (C–L). Sepals were removed in (F–L). Abbreviations: Brl, bracteole; C, carpel; Fl, flower buds; Inf, inflorescence; O, ovule; P, petal; S, outer stamen; s, inner stamen; Sp, sepal. Scale bars: (A, B, I, J) = 200 µm, (C–F) = 50 µm, (G, H) = 100 µm, (K, L) = 400 µm, (M, N) = 2 mm, (O, P) = 20 mm.