Table 3.

Optical scattering ( ${\mu }_s^{\prime }$), absorption coefficient (μ_a), and refractive index (R_i) for bone, marrow and cartilage were calculated at 830 nm (laser excitation source frequency) and 901.7 nm (corresponding to the phosphate Raman shift of bone at 958 cm⁻¹).

Tissue Layer	Excitation (830 nm)		Emission (901.7 nm, 958 cm−1)
	${\mu }_s^{\prime }({\text{mm}}^{-1})$	μa (mm−1)	${\mu }_s^{\prime }({\text{mm}}^{-1})$	μa (mm−1)	Ri
Low scattering cartilage	0.2434	0.033	0.1704	0.033	1.33
High scattering cartilage	1.2170	0.033	0.8519	0.033	1.33
Bone	1.8214	0.0201	1.6125	0.0234	1.4
Marrow (adipose)	1.0781	0.0028	1.0318	0.0050	1.45