Table 6.

Functional and Deleterious Noncanonical Polyadenylation Signals Reported in the Literature

Signal	Context
AGUAAA	Functional in 6 mammalian mRNAs (Cheng et al. 1986; Hsu et al. 1988; Nagashima et al. 1988; Yoshimura et al. 1994; Wang et al. 1996; Zhang et al. 1998) and 2 mammalian virus mRNAs (Klemenz et al. 1981; Nasseri et al. 1987).
UAUAAA	Functional in hepatitis B virus (Simonsen and Levinson 1983), Epstein Barr virus (Silver Key and Pagano 1997), 1 plant pararetrovirus (Sanfacon 1994), and 1 mammalian mRNA (suggested; Martins et al. 1995).
CAUAAA	Functional in hepatitis B virus mRNA (Hilger et al. 1991), 2 mammalian mRNAs (Wetsel et al. 1987; Faber et al. 1991), and 1 Xenopus mRNA (Rabbitts and Morgan 1992).
GAUAAA	Functional in 1 mammalian mRNA (Epstein et al. 1986) and 4 related nematode mRNAs (Yan et al. 1998).
AAUAUA	Functional in 1 mammalian mRNA (Hu et al. 1994), 1 insect mRNA (Larochelle and Suter 1995), and 1 plant mRNA (Ishikawa et al. 1997).
AAUACA	Functional in 5 mammalian mRNAs (Suzuki et al. 1990; Taylor et al. 1990; Herve et al. 1991; Myohanen et al. 1991; Parthasarathy et al. 1997), and 1 insect mRNA (Tokishita et al. 1997).
AAUAGA	Functional in 1 Platyhelminthe (flatworm) mRNA (Wahlberg and Johnson 1997); deleterious in human β-globin mRNA (Jankovic et al. 1990; van Solinge et al. 1996).
ACUAAA	Functional in 1 mammalian mRNA (Trowsdale and Kelly 1985).
AAGAAA	Functional in 1 mammalian mRNA (Anand et al. 1997); deleterious (used as an artificial polyadenylation signal suppressor) in mammalian adenovirus mRNA (Moore et al. 1988; Wilusz and Shenk 1988).
AAUGAA	Functional in 2 mammalian mRNAs (Martins et al. 1995; Battersby et al. 1999), and 2 plant mRNAs (Wu et al. 1993; de Freitas et al. 1994). Deleterious (α- and β-thalassemia) in human globin mRNA (Jankovic et al. 1990; Yuregir et al. 1992).
UAUAUA	Weakly functional in 1 mammalian DNA virus (papilloma virus; Andrews and DiMaio 1993).
AAUAAC	Weakly functional in 1 mammalian DNA virus (parvovirus) mRNA (Ozawa et al. 1987).
AAUAAG	Functional in 1 plant mRNA (Graham et al. 1985); deleterious (cause of α- and β-thalassemia) in human globin mRNA (Higgs et al. 1983; Rund et al. 1993).