Ds and Ft are required for denticle field polarity. (A,B) Wild-type (wt, A) and ds− (B) third instar Drosophila cuticles. Anterior is to the left in this and all subsequent figures. (C,D) Frequency plots of denticle orientation (see H) in wild-type (n=17) and ds− (n=20) cuticles. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, wild type versus ds− for each denticle column. (E,F) ft− and ds− ft− third instar cuticles. (G,H) The angle of each denticle (G) displayed as a frequency plot, pooled in color-coded bins (H). Concentric circles represent 5, 10 and 20 percent of all denticles (see text for details). Scale bars: 10 μm.