Ds extracellular domain can reorient neighboring denticle columns. (A,B) Wild-type (n=17), (C,D) en-Gal4 UAS-dsΔICD (n=19), (E,F) ptc-Gal4 UAS-dsΔICD (n=15), (G,H) ds− (n=20), (I,J) ds− en-Gal4 UAS-dsΔICD (n=29) and (K,L) ds− ptc-Gal4 UAS-dsΔICD (n=23) third instar Drosophila cuticles. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, versus wild type (D,F) or ds− (J,L). Here and in Fig. 3, colored circles around the frequency diagrams indicate expression of en-Gal4 (purple) or ptc-Gal4 (green; intensity indicates level of expression) in those specific columns (Repiso et al., 2010). Scale bars: 10 μm.