Table 10.
Country | Year of samplinga | Seroprevalence (%)b | Number of samples tested (n)b | Methodc | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lambs | |||||
Zimbabwe | < 1992 | 6 | 107 | IFAT | [457] |
< 1992 | 3 | 107 | ELISA | [457] | |
Slaughter sheep | |||||
Djibouti | < 1994 | 10 | 486 | IHAT | [398] |
Egypt | < 1990 | 29 | 17 | IHAT | [399] |
Indonesia | < 1998 | 60 | 123 | IHAT | [476] |
Iran | 1984–88 | 14 | 138 | LAT | [405] |
Norway | 1993 | 18 | 2070 | ELISA | [145] |
1993 | 16 | 1940 | ELISA | [146] | |
Pakistan | 1993 | 3 | 40 | LAT | [413] |
Saudi Arabia | < 1997 | 39 | 100 | IHAT | [477] |
Trinidad | < 1996 | 36 | 14 | CAT | [420] |
Turkey | 1993–94 | 37 | 712 | SFDT | [478] |
USA (North East) | < 1990 | 59 | 654 | ELISA | [479] |
Farmed sheep | |||||
Austria | < 1991 | 72 | 531 | CFT | [480] |
< 1996 | 66 | 4079 | IFAT | [114] | |
Bangladesh | < 1993 | 64 | 56 | LAT | [481] |
Brazil | < 1999 | 52 | 228 | IFAT | [394] |
Cameroon | < 1994 | 32 | 211 | LAT | [482] |
Canada | 1988 | 58 | 3872 | ELISA | [483] |
Chile | < 1999 | 28 | 408 | IFAT | [484] |
< 1999 | 12 | 408 | IHAT | [484] | |
China | < 1991 | 7 | 202 | IHAT | [395] |
Croatia | < 1994 | 4 | 95 | DAT | [485] |
Czech Republic | 1982–89 | 55 | 886 | SFDT | [486] |
1982–89 | 40 | 484 | CFT | [486] | |
1986–90 | 46–74** | 661* | SFDT | [486] | |
1986–90 | 13–23** | 650* | CFT | [486] | |
France | < 1997 | 92 | 642 | IFAT | [401] |
Germany | 1993–95 | 33 | 1122 | ELISA | [434] |
< 1997 | 21 | 151 | IFAT | [487] | |
Greece (Crete) | < 1995 | 23 | 8700 | ELISA | [488] |
India | < 1993 | 23 | 88 | DAT | [489] |
Ireland | < 1990 | 56 | 837 | IHAT | [490] |
Israel | 1985–90 | 25 | 372 | IFAT | [408] |
Jordan | 1989–90 | 21 | 176 | LAT | [491] |
< 1993 | 21 | 559 | LAT | [492] | |
Malaysia | < 1990 | 23 | 106 | IHAT | [410] |
Mexico | < 1990 | 30 | 495 | IFAT | [493] |
Niger | < 1991 | 14 | 70 | LAT | [494] |
Nigeria | < 1993 | 12 | 206 | LAT | [495] |
Slovakia | 1988–91 | 10 | 1939 | CFT | [496] |
Spain | < 1991 | 40 | 550 | DAT | [497] |
< 1991 | 35 | 550 | IFAT | [497] | |
1992–93 | 12 | 541 | MAT | [498] | |
< 1996 | 38 | 3212 | DAT | [499] | |
< 1996 | 35 | 2306 | MAT | [500] | |
< 1996 | 34 | 2306 | IFAT | [500] | |
Suriname | 1994 | 67 | 106 | MAT | [501] |
Sweden | < 1992 | 19 | 704 | ELISA | [502] |
Turkey | 1990–92 | 26 | 259 | IHAT | [422] |
1990–92 | 22 | 259 | ELISA | [422] | |
< 1992 | 23–31** | 295* | IHAT | [503] | |
< 1997 | 89 | 62 | SFDT | [504] | |
< 1997 | 40 | 531 | SFDT | [505] | |
1997–98 | 34 | 154 | SFDT | [424] | |
United Kingdom | 1990 | 29 | 202 | LAT | [506] |
Uruguay | 1991 | 14–29** | 573* | LAT | [507] |
1992 | 28 | 422 | DAT | [508] | |
1992–94 | 39 | 1613 | DAT | [509] | |
Zimbabwe | < 1992 | 9 | 109 | ELISA | [457] |
Unclassified | |||||
Bangladesh | < 1993 | 18 | 17 | LAT | [391] |
Benin | < 1996 | 0 | 21 | IHAT | [510] |
Brazil | < 1995 | 48 | 370 | IFAT | [511] |
1996 | 19 | 240 | IFAT | [393] | |
Burkina Faso | < 1996 | 23 | 65 | IHAT | [510] |
China | < 1996 | 29 | 56 | IHAT | [512] |
Côte d’Ivore | < 1996 | 68 | 62 | IHAT | [510] |
Djibouti | < 1996 | 13 | 183 | IHAT | [510] |
Ethiopia | < 1996 | 26 | 94 | IHAT | [510] |
Ghana | 1997–98 | 33 | 732 | ELISA | [513] |
Iran | < 1996 | 25 | 1102 | IHAT | [406] |
< 1996 | 24 | 2209 | LAT | [406] | |
Mexico | 1988 | 38 | 702 | IFAT | [514] |
Niger | < 1996 | 20 | 77 | IHAT | [510] |
Saudi Arabia | < 2000 | 3 | 150 | IHAT | [416] |
Senegal | < 1993 | 55 | 190 | ELISA | [515] |
< 1993 | 46 | 190 | IFAT | [515] | |
< 1996 | 12 | 52 | IHAT | [510] | |
Turkey | 1994 | 72 | 414 | IFAT | [516] |
1994 | 69 | 414 | SFDT | [516] | |
1994 | 37 | 414 | LAT | [516] | |
1994–95 | 15 | 1050 | LAT | [517] |
Years of sampling are listed as published in the references. In cases where this information was not available, the year listed here is the year when the study was published, as indicated by ‘<’. Data from the 1980s are included if the study was published in the 1990s and if no recent data were available for the area.
Figures marked with ‘*’ were calculated from the published data. Seroprevalences marked with ‘**’ varied with the herd examined.
CAT, card agglutination test; CFT, complement fixation test; DAT, direct agglutination test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFAT, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; IHAT, indirect haemagglutination test; LAT, latex agglutination test; MAT, modified agglutination test; SFDT, Sabin– Feldman dye test.