Table 14.

Seroprevalences of T. gondii infection in dogs (1990–2000)

Country	Year of samplinga	Seroprevalence (%)b	Number of samples tested (n)b	Methodc	Reference
Argentina	1988–94	60	232	IFAT	[552]
Brazil	1988–90	47	243	IFAT	[553]
	1994	53	218	IHAT	[554]
	< 1998	63	276	ELISA	[555]
	< 1998	55	327	IFAT	[556]
	< 1998	46	276	IFAT	[555]
	< 1999	84	189	IFAT	[557]
Chile	< 1991	12	178	IHAT	[558]
China	< 1997	5	101	ELISA	[559]
Czech Republic	1982–84	33–39**	1393*	SFDT	[560]
	1982–84	12–15**	1393*	CFT	[560]
France	< 1998	39	3580	IFAT	[561]
Iran	< 1993	31	100	SFDT	[562]
Israel	< 1996	36	220	IFAT	[563]
Italy	1996	17	104	IFAT	[564]
Pakistan	< 1992	17*	12	LAT	[565]
Spain	< 1997	47	97	IFAT	[566]
Sweden	< 1994	30	398	DAT	[567]
Taiwan	1995–96	25	289	LAT	[568]
	1995–96	8	658	ELISA	[569]
	< 1998	20	105	LAT	[570]
	1997	20	51	LAT	[571]
Turkey	< 1996	85	52	IFAT	[572]
	< 1996	79	52	SFDT	[572]
	< 1996	69	70	SFDT	[573]
	< 1996	48	52	LAT	[572]
	< 1997	72	50	SFDT	[574]
	< 1997	46	50	LAT	[574]
	< 1998	75*	53	SFDT	[575]
USA (Kansas)	< 1990	25	229	DAT	[576]

^aYears of sampling are listed as published in the references. In cases where this information was not available, the year listed here is the year when the study was published, as indicated by ‘<’. Data from the 1980s are included if the study was published in the 1990s and if no recent data were available for the area.

^bFigures marked with ‘*’ were calculated from the published data. Seroprevalences marked with ‘**’ varied with the herd examined.

^cCFT, complement fixation test; DAT, direct agglutination test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFAT, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; IHAT, indirect haemagglutination test; LAT, latex agglutination test; SFDT, Sabin–Feldman dye test.