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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 7.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Parasitol. 2000 Nov;30(12-13):1217–1258. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00124-7

Table 6.

Seroprevalences of T. gondii infection in cattle and buffaloes (1990–2000)

Country Year of samplinga Seroprevalence (%)b Number of samples tested (n)b Methodc Reference
Cattle
Argentina < 1990 39 249 IHAT [390]
Bangladesh < 1993 16 205 LAT [391]
Brazil < 1994 32 334 IFAT [392]
1996 1 194 LAT [393]
< 1999 26 400 IFAT [394]
China < 1990 4 90 IHAT [151]
< 1991 1 208 IHAT [395]
Costa Rica 1991 34 601 IFAT [396]
Czech Republic 1979–90 4 1926 SFDT [397]
1979–90 2 1238 CFT [397]
1981–90 22 218 SFDT [397]
1981–90 3 176 CFT [397]
Djibouti < 1994 3 499 IHAT [398]
Egypt < 1990 21 19 IHAT [399]
< 1997 49 39 IHAT [400]
< 1997 49 39 IFAT [400]
France < 1997 69 364 IFAT [401]
Greece < 1992 40 1890 CFT [402]
India < 1991 43 102 DAT [403]
< 1992 9 32 LAT [404]
Iran 1984–88 15 142 LAT [405]
< 1996 0 2000 LAT [406]
< 1996 0 2000 IHAT [406]
Iraq 1989–90 48 204 CFT [407]
Israel 1985–90 15 172 IFAT [408]
Italy < 1993 92 255 DAT [409]
Malaysia < 1990 0 132 IHAT [410]
Mexico 1990–91 28 300 SFDT [411]
< 1993 12 397 ELISA [412]
Netherlands < 1995 13–43** 6976* ELISA [122]
Norway 1989 5 1053 ELISA [145]
Pakistan 1993 25 100 LAT [413]
Portugal 1988–90 43 60 DAT [414]
Reunion 1987 54 780 ELISA [415]
Saudi Arabia < 2000 2 60 IHAT [416]
Spain < 1991 41 304 MAT [417]
< 1991 40 304 IFAT [417]
Switzerland 1994 14 148 ELISA [418]
Thailand 1996–97 3 119 LAT [419]
Trinidad < 1996 27 55 DAT [420]
Turkey < 1994 9 272 IHAT [421]
< 1995 4 280 ELISA [422]
< 1995 5 280 IHAT [422]
< 1997 63* 203* SFDT [423]
1997–98 66 106 SFDT [424]
Vietnam 1995 11 200 DAT [425]
Buffaloes
Brazil 1996 4 104 LAT [393]
China < 1990 0 83 IHAT [151]
Egypt < 1990 20 15 IHAT [399]
< 1998 0 75 DAT [426]
India < 1992 10 48 LAT [404]
Iran 1995–96 9 385 IFAT [427]
Vietnam 1995 3 200 DAT [425]
a

Years of sampling are listed as published in the references. In cases where this information was not available, the year listed here is the year when the study was published, as indicated by ‘<’. Data from the 1980s are included if the study was published in the 1990s and if no recent data were available for the area.

b

Figures marked with ‘*’ were calculated from the published data. Seroprevalences marked with ‘**’ varied with the herd examined.

c

CFT, complement fixation test; DAT, direct agglutination test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFAT, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; IHAT, indirect haemagglutination test; LAT, latex agglutination test; MAT, modified agglutination test; SFDT, Sabin–Feldman dye test.