Table 8.

Seroprevalences of T. gondii infection in pigs (1990–2000)

Country	Year of samplinga	Seroprevalence (%)b	Number of samples tested (n)b	Methodc	Reference
Fattening/slaughter pigs
Argentina	< 1998	43	388	IHAT	[439]
	< 1998	43	388	IFAT	[439]
Austria	< 1990	4	2755	CFT	[430]
	1992	< 1	2300	IFAT	[429]
Brazil	< 1992	90	198	IFAT	[440]
	< 1997	7–54**	792*	IFAT	[441]
	< 1998	9–61**	792*	ELISA	[442]
Canada	1990	9	1443	MAT	[443]
	1991–92	9*	2800	LAT	[444]
Chile	1984	30	1474	IHAT	[445]
	1984	28	1474	SFDT	[445]
Czech Republic	1979–90	6	2616	SFDT	[446]
	1979–90	< 1	1179	CFT	[446]
	1981–90	32	287	SFDT	[447]
	1981–90	11	215	CFT	[447]
	1988–90	35	57	SFDT	[446]
	1988–90	14	57	CFT	[446]
Finland	1984	3	1847	ELISA	[448]
Germany	1993–95	0	60	ELISA	[434]
Italy	< 1991	64	90	IFAT	[449]
Japan	1992–93	3	423	LAT	[450]
Mexico	< 1993	9	1203	ELISA	[412]
Netherlands	< 1991	2	23348	ELISA	[437]
	< 1995	2	994	ELISA	[122]
Norway	1993–94	3	1605	ELISA	[145]
Poland	< 1991	36	925	ELISA	[147]
Portugal	1988–90	5	300	DAT	[414]
Trinidad	1992–95	6	55	CAT	[420]
USA
Illinois	1992	3	1885	MAT	[451]
Illinois	1992–93	21	4252	MAT	[452]
Iowa	< 1990	5	2029	ELISA	[453]
Iowa	< 1995	22	1000	MAT	[454]
N Carolina	1994–95	< 1*	2312	MAT	[455]
N Carolina	< 1998	1	3990	MAT	[456]
Tennessee	1991–92	3	437	MAT	[455]
Zimbabwe	< 1992	1	211	LAT	[457]
	< 1992	0	211	ELISA	[457]
	1995	9	97	MAT	[458]
Sows
Austria	< 1990	3	1162	CFT	[430]
	1992	4	46	IFAT	[429]
Germany	1993–95	8	90	ELISA	[434]
	1997–99	18	. 2000	ELISA	[438]
Japan	1992–93	13	141	LAT	[450]
Netherlands	< 1995	31	1009	ELISA	[122]
USA
17 states	1990	20	3479	MAT	[455]
Illinois	1992	21	5080	MAT	[451]
Illinois	1992–93	15	2617	MAT	[452]
Iowa	< 1990	10	587	ELISA	[453]
Iowa	< 1992	14	273	MAT	[459]
Tennessee	1991–92	29*	3841	MAT	[460]
Zimbabwe	< 1992	10	100	ELISA	[457]
Not classified
Brazil	< 1990	38	1131	IFAT	[461]
	< 1995	100	200	IHAT	[462]
	< 1999	24	267	IFAT	[394]
China	< 1990	10	816	IHAT	[151]
	< 1991	20	525	IHAT	[395]
Costa Rica	1991	44	496	IFAT	[396]
Czech Republic	1981–90	31	230	SFDT	[446]
	1981–90	10	158	CFT	[446]
Ghana	1997–98	39	641	ELISA	[463]
Malaysia	< 1990	16	122	IHAT	[410]
Poland	< 1991	36	925	ELISA	[147]
Taiwan	1978–88	28	3880	LAT	[464]
USA
Hawaii	< 1992	49	509	DAT	[465]
New England	< 1999	47	1897	MAT	[466]

^aYears of sampling are listed as published in the references. In cases where this information was not available, the year listed here is the year when the study was published, as indicated by ‘<’. Data from the 1980s are included if the study was published in the 1990s and if no recent data were available for the area.

^bFigures marked with ‘*’ were calculated from the published data. Seroprevalences marked with ‘**’ varied with the herd examined.

^cCAT, card agglutination test; CFT, complement fixation test; DAT, direct agglutination test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFAT, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; IHAT, indirect haemagglutination test; LAT, latex agglutination test; MAT, modified agglutination test; SFDT, Sabin– Feldman dye test.