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Subjects with COPD-E (n = 10) had baseline (year 0) and repeat Dlco/VA measurements (year 4). Normal current smokers without COPD-E (n = 8) and healthy nonsmokers (n = 7) had baseline Dlco/VA measurements. Dlco/VA = volume-adjusted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. See Figure 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviation.
