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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 7.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2009 Aug 11;19(15):R657–R666. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.013

Figure 3. Mitochondrial signaling may mediate the cross-talk between the insulin/IGF-1 signaling and TOR pathways to regulate longevity.

Figure 3

Mitochondria are known to signal to the nucleus by at least two mechanisms: one is the retrograde signaling pathway (RTG) that involves LST8 and possibly TOR; the other uses reactive oxygen species and signals through the JNK–FOXO pathway. AMPK also receives input from mitochondria and is yet another protein involved in the mitochondrial control of lifespan.