. 2011 Jun;6(2):112–125.

Table 5.

Summary of intervention studies incorporating patellar and knee bracing

Study, Type, Level of Evidence	Intervention	% decrease in pain	Effect Size
Lun et al⁷⁷ QE (Level 2)^a	Group 1 (n=34): home exercise program	48	.37
	Group 2(n=32): patellar bracing	52	.55
	Group 3 (n=32): home exercise program with patellar bracing	32	.27
	Group 4 (n=31): home exercise program with knee sleeve	47	.40
Denton et al¹⁸ RCIT (Level 2)^a	Group 1 (n=17): weight bearing quadriceps exercise	41% reported no pain during the step-up test at the end of the study 100% reported no pain during the step-up test at the end of the Study†
Denton et al¹⁸ RCIT (Level 2)^a	Group 2 (n=17): weight bearing quadriceps exercise and Protonics™ brace

QE = quasi-experimental

RCIT = randomized clinical trial

PFPS = patellofemoral pain syndrome

a = Level 2 (limited-quality patient-oriented evidence)

† Insufficient data reported to calculate % decrease in pain and effect size