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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 7.
Published in final edited form as: Econ J (London). 2008 Apr 1;118(528):515–555. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02132.x

Table A1.

Parental Transfers by Offsprings’ Risky Behaviours, Number of Offspring (Daughters), and Family Income

Co-Residence Transfers
Families Always
In Poverty
 Families In and Out
of Poverty
 Families Inc-to-Need
> 1 & < Top 50%
 Family in Top 50%
of Inc-to-Need Distn.
Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N
Panel A. By Offspring’s High School Dropout Behaviour
HS Dropout Status:
Not HS Dropout 0.15 8,878 0.17 4,062 0.21 44,533 0.23 44,512
High School Dropout 0.21 6,178 0.18 4,313 0.21 21,647 0.23 10,635
Average 0.18 15,056 0.17 8,375 0.21 66,180 0.23 55,147
(1) High School Dropouts
No. of Sibs Younger than 18
0 0.19 3,362 0.13 2,113 0.17 12,457 0.21 7,301
1 0.28 621 0.22 832 0.28 3,199 0.36 831
2 0.26 346 0.25 605 0.33 1,380 0.40 128
  3+ 0.27 313 0.27 675 0.36 794 0.17 30
Missing 0.23 1,536 0.08 88 0.24 3,817 0.27 2345
(2) Not High School Dropouts
No. of Sibs Younger than 18
0 0.13 4,310 0.10 1,902 0.16 26,252 0.21 31,247
1 0.22 839 0.21 880 0.32 7,401 0.44 3,070
2 0.28 312 0.27 507 0.34 2,662 0.49 531
  3+ 0.34 250 0.35 507 0.39 1,387 0.75 62
Missing 0.15 3,167 0.15 266 0.19 6,831 0.24 9,602
(1) Minus (2)
No. of Sibs Younger than 18
0 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.00
1 0.06 0.01 −0.04 −0.08
2 −0.02 −0.02 −0.01 −0.10
  3+ −0.07 −0.08 −0.02 −0.59
Notes: The sample for Panel A consists of all respondents in NLSY79 data set.
   Sampling weights were used to reproduce the population distribution of means.
Financial Transfers
Families Always
In Poverty
 Families In and Out
of Poverty
 Families Inc-to-Need
> 1 & < Top 50%
 Family in Top 50%
of Inc-to-Need Distn.
Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N
Panel A. By Offspring’s High School Dropout Behaviour
HS Dropout Status:
Not HS Dropout 0.16 5,032 0.15 1,942 0.21 21,841 0.27 22,945
High School Dropout 0.18 3,261 0.16 2,042 0.17 10,628 0.23 5,551
Average 0.17 8,293 0.16 3,984 0.20 32,469 0.26 28,496
(1) High School Dropouts
No. of Sibs Younger than 18
0 0.17 1,347 0.13 495 0.14 4,441 0.22 3,202
1 0.16 394 0.16 463 0.19 2,171 0.26 611
2 0.22 256 0.19 467 0.20 1,132 0.27 106
  3+ 0.24 262 0.17 600 0.20 693 0.13 26
Missing 0.18 1,002 0.44 17 0.19 2,191 0.21 1,606
(2) Not High School Dropouts
No. of Sibs Younger than 18
0 0.16 1,811 0.12 471 0.18 9,546 0.25 13,875
1 0.17 573 0.09 532 0.25 5,452 0.37 2,602
2 0.22 234 0.16 398 0.25 2,264 0.37 471
  3+ 0.20 218 0.26 459 0.25 1,254 0.55 57
Missing 0.15 2,196 0.12 82 0.18 3,325 0.26 5,940
(1) Minus (2)
No. of Sibs Younger than 18
0 0.01 0.01 −0.04 −0.03
1 −0.01 0.06 −0.06 −0.10
2 0.00 0.02 −0.05 −0.10
  3+ 0.04 −0.08 −0.05 −0.42
Notes: The sample for Panel A consists of all respondents in NLSY79 data set.
   Sampling weights were used to reproduce the population distribution of means.
Co-Residence Transfers
Families Always
In Poverty
 Families In and Out
of Poverty
 Families Inc-to-Need
> 1 & < Top 50%
 Family in Top 50%
of Inc-to-Need Distn.
Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N
Panel A. By Daughter’s Teenage Childbearing Behaviour
Teen Birth Status:
  No Teen Birth 0.15 4,766 0.15 3,681 0.17 27,969 0.24 24,405
  Teen Birth 0.12 1,977 0.10 1,137 0.11 4,201 0.15 1,702
  Average 0.14 6,743 0.14 4,818 0.17 32,170 0.23 26,107
(1) Teen Birth
No. of Sisters Younger than 18
0 0.12 1,545 0.07 657 0.09 3,228 0.16 1,494
1 0.11 208 0.12 281 0.17 539 0.17 51
2 0.13 52 0.21 129 0.17 183 0.22 9
  3+ 0.20 52 0.15 58 0.18 73 0.00 2
Missing 0.04 120 0.08 12 0.10 178 0.07 146
(2) No Teen Birth
No. of Sisters Younger than 18
0 0.12 3,684 0.10 2,381 0.16 21,835 0.22 20,356
1 0.32 509 0.26 758 0.28 3,396 0.45 1,254
2 0.31 117 0.29 306 0.35 694 0.47 174
  3+ 0.45 81 0.27 175 0.33 151 0.92 7
Missing 0.18 375 0.10 61 0.17 1,893 0.28 2,614
(1) Minus (2)
No. of Sisters Younger than 18
0 0.00 −0.03 −0.06 −0.06
1 −0.20 −0.14 −0.11 −0.28
2 −0.18 −0.08 −0.18 −0.26
  3+ −0.25 −0.12 −0.15 −0.92
Notes: The sample for Panel A consists of all female respondents in NLSY79 data set.
   Sampling weights were used to reproduce the population distribution of means.
Financial Transfers
Families Always
In Poverty
 Families In and Out
of Poverty
 Families Inc-to-Need
> 1 & < Top 50%
 Family in Top 50%
of Inc-to-Need Distn.
Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N
Panel A. By Daughter’s Teenage Childbearing Behaviour
Teen Birth Status:
  No Teen Birth 0.20 2,455 0.17 1,830 0.21 13,323 0.32 12,403
  Teen Birth 0.12 1,006 0.09 572 0.10 2,000 0.15 843
  Average 0.18 3,461 0.16 2,402 0.20 15,323 0.31 13,246
(1) Teen Birth
No. of Sisters Younger than 18
0 0.12 683 0.04 214 0.09 1,302 0.15 717
1 0.11 178 0.09 181 0.09 397 0.06 39
2 0.10 41 0.17 115 0.13 136 0.20 5
  3+ 0.20 44 0.12 58 0.14 65 0.00 2
Missing 0.17 60 0.24 4 0.16 100 0.20 80
(2) No Teen Birth
No. of Sisters Younger than 18
0 0.18 1,682 0.12 817 0.21 9,039 0.30 9,712
1 0.28 384 0.22 565 0.21 2,652 0.43 1,017
2 0.27 106 0.27 266 0.24 618 0.37 156
  3+ 0.37 66 0.22 161 0.27 134 0.92 7
Missing 0.20 217 0.04 21 0.16 880 0.31 1,511
(1) Minus (2)
No. of Sisters Younger than 18
0 −0.06 −0.08 −0.12 −0.16
1 −0.18 −0.13 −0.11 −0.37
2 −0.17 −0.10 −0.11 −0.17
  3+ −0.17 −0.09 −0.13 −0.92
Notes: The sample for Panel A consists of all female respondents in NLSY79 data set.
   Sampling weights were used to reproduce the population distribution of means.