Table 3.

Adjusted objective and subjective sleep parameters in participants

Sleep Characteristic	Control	CKD − Control	P (CKD versus control)	HD − Control	P (HD versus control)	HD − CKD	P (HD versus CKD)
Rest per day (min)	443.0 (392.1, 493.8)	−1.3 (−47.4, 44.7)	1	−2.8 (−55.7, 50.0)	0.9	−1.5 (−43.5, 40.6)	0.9
Sleep onset latency (min/day)	23.0 (−1.3, 47.3)	15.2 (−7.0, 37.4)	0.2	50.2 (25.0, 75.5)	<0.0001	35.0 (15.1, 54.9)	<0.001
Snooze time (min/day)	23.0 (9.4, 36.7)	8.2 (−4.1, 20.4)	0.2	17.6 (3.4, 31.8)	0.02	9.4 (−2.0, 20.9)	0.1
Wake but rest (min/day)	1.3 (−9.8, 12.4)	2.2 (−7.8, 12.3)	0.7	13.7 (2.1, 25.2)	0.02	11.4 (2.3, 20.6)	0.01
Active time (min/day)	791.0 (726.0, 855.9)	37.3 (−20.5, 95.2)	0.2	36.0 (−31.7, 103.7)	0.3	−1.3 (−56.4, 53.8)	1
Sleep (min/day)	358.3 (312.5, 404.2)	−32.5 (−74.5, 9.4)	0.1	−73.9 (−121.5, −26.3)	<0.01	−41.3 (−78.6, −4.1)	0.03
Sleep/rest time (%)	81.2 (74.4, 87.9)	−6.7 (−13.0, −0.5)	0.04	−15.5 (−22.5, −8.5)	<0.0001	−8.8 (−14.2, −3.4)	<0.01
WASO (min/day)	63.1 (42.7, 83.5)	7.9 (−10.6, 26.4)	0.4	10.9 (−10.3, 32.1)	0.3	3.0 (−13.9, 19.9)	0.7
Sleep efficiency (%)	75.6 (67.2, 83.9)	−8.6 (−16.3, −0.9)	0.03	−21.0 (−29.7, −12.3)	<0.0001	−12.4 (−19.1, −5.6)	<0.001
Fragmentation Index (%)	16.1 (10.2, 22.0)	8.4 (3.0, 13.9)	<0.01	17.3 (11.2, 23.5)	<0.0001	8.9 (4.2, 13.6)	<0.001
Subjective quality of sleep
overall sleep quality	56.8 (43.7, 69.9)	−5.7 (−18.1, 6.7)	0.4	−11.1 (−25.0, 2.8)	0.1	−5.4 (−15.5, 4.8)	0.3
sleep maintenance	58.2 (41.6, 74.8)	−2.8 (−18.5, 12.8)	0.7	−8.1 (−25.7, 9.4)	0.4	−5.3 (−18.2, 7.5)	0.4
sleep sufficiency	50.4 (33.8, 67.0)	−5.8 (−21.3, 9.8)	0.5	−7.8 (−25.3, 9.7)	0.4	−2.1 (−15.0, 10.8)	0.8
daytime somnolence	63.8 (48.6, 78.9)	−5.6 (−20.0, 8.7)	0.4	6.6 (−9.5, 22.7)	0.4	12.2 (0.4, 24.0)	0.04
sleep quality (KDQOL score)	56.7 (45.6, 67.9)	−4.6 (−15.2, 6.1)	0.4	−5.1 (−17.0, 6.8)	0.4	−0.5 (−9.2, 8.2)	0.9

HD, hemodialysis.