Table 1.
Main demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 95)
| CKD Stage |
Pa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 to 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Number, n (%) | 95 (100) | 11 (11.5) | 37 (39.0) | 37 (39.0) | 10 (10.5) | |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 35 ± 18 | 69 ± 8 | 43 ± 9 | 22 ± 4 | 11 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 68 ± 12 | 65 ± 8 | 69 ± 12 | 65 ± 13 | 66 ± 15 | 0.07 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 59 (62) | 9 (82) | 24 (65) | 22 (60) | 4 (40) | 0.39 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 45 (47) | 4 (36) | 19 (51) | 18 (49) | 4 (40) | 0.50 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29 ± 7 | 26 ± 5 | 29 ± 6 | 31 ± 7 | 28 ± 7 | 0.28 |
| PAS, mmHg | 153 ± 25 | 145 ± 27 | 153 ± 22 | 156 ± 29 | 143 ± 17 | 0.45 |
| PAD, mmHg | 81 ± 12 | 85 ± 9 | 80 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 75 ± 16 | 0.21 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 0.06 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 0.96 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38.9 ± 6.4 | 40.6 ± 8.8 | 38.4 ± 5.7 | 39.9 ± 5.8 | 33.8 ± 6.7 | 0.07 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 12.5 ± 1.7 | 14.0 ± 1.2 | 12.7 ± 1.5 | 12.0 ± 1.6 | 10.9 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D supplement, n (%) | 17 (18) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 5 (50) | 0.06 |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 90 (94) | 10 (83) | 37 (100) | 35 (94) | 8 (80) | 0.08 |
| LLT, n (%) | 65 (70) | 8 (67) | 27 (73) | 24 (65) | 5 (100) | 0.50 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or number for binary variables, with percentages in parentheses. DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; PAS, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PAD, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure; LLT, lipid-lowering therapy; eGFR, estimated GFR; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
a
ANOVA P value comparing stage 2 to 5.