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(A) SEM image showing a photonic crystal waveguide made of an array of nanometre-scale holes in a SOI substrate. The large hole in the centre is the defect where electric field is focused and where the device is most sensitive to changes in refractive index. Figure adapted from reference 56. (B) SEM image of arrays of 1-D photonic crystal resonators adjacent to linear waveguides. Figure adapted from reference 62.
