Table 4.
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of reporting physical disability among working age (18–64 years old) immigrants who arrived since 1990 (N = 451,147)
| Explanatory/confounding variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Country/regiona | |||
| Canada | 0.54 (0.46–0.64) | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) |
| Central/South America | 0.84 (0.79–0.89) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
| Western Europe | 0.42 (0.37–0.48) | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) |
| Eastern Europe | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 1.77 (1.64–1.90) | 1.62 (1.45–1.81) |
| East Asia | 0.35 (0.32–0.38) | 0.60 (0.55–0.67) | 0.54 (0.46–0.63) |
| Southeast Asia | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.65 (1.54–1.77) | 1.48 (1.31–1.68) |
| South Asia | 0.65 (0.60–0.72) | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) |
| Middle East | 1.08 (0.94–1.23) | 1.64 (1.43–1.89) | 1.43 (1.14–1.79) |
| Africa | 0.73 (0.65–0.82) | 1.32 (1.17–1.49) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) |
| Other regions | 0.78 (0.62–0.98) | 1.40 (1.11–1.77) | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) |
| English proficiency (ref: speaks only English) | |||
| Does not speak English/not well | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1.00 (0.94–1.08) | |
| Speaks well/very well | 0.74 (0.68–0.79) | 0.73 (0.68–0.79) | |
| U.S. duration (ref: 0–4 years) | |||
| 5–10 years | 1.36 (1.30–1.42) | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | |
| Interaction between region of origin and U.S. residence (ref: Mexico × 0–4 years) | |||
| Canada × 5–10 years | 1.25 (0.90–1.75) | ||
| Central/South America × 5–10 years | 1.23 (1.09–1.37) | ||
| Western Europe × 5–10 years | 1.11 (0.86–1.45) | ||
| Eastern Europe × 5–10 years | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | ||
| East Asia × 5–10 years | 1.21 (0.99–1.48) | ||
| Southeast Asia × 5–10 years | 1.18 (1.03–1.37) | ||
| South Asia × 5–10 years | 1.44 (1.20–1.73) | ||
| Middle East × 5–10 years | 1.25 (0.94–1.66) | ||
| Africa × 5–10 years | 1.18 (0.93–1.48) | ||
| Other regions × 5–10 years | 1.25 (1.79–1.99) | ||
| Model fit statistics (−2 LOG L) | |||
| Without covariates 101,621.9 | – | – | |
| With covariates 92,725.1 | 88,152.6 | 88,128.1 | |
Model 1: control for age and sex
Model 2: Model 1 + English proficiency, U.S. residence, marital status, education, employment status, and poverty index
Model 3: Model 2 + interaction between U.S. residence and region of origin
Data source: As for Table 1
a
The reference group is Mexican immigrants