Table 5.

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of reporting work disability among working age (18–64 years old) immigrants who arrived since 1990 (N = 451,147)

Explanatory/confounding variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Country/regiona
Canada	0.25 (0.22–0.27)	0.37 (0.33–0.41)	0.39 (0.34–0.45)
Central/South America	0.92 (0.90–0.94)	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.96 (0.92–0.99)
Western Europe	0.35 (0.33–0.37)	0.51 (0.48–0.54)	0.52 (0.47–0.56)
Eastern Europe	0.69 (0.67–0.71)	0.94 (0.90–0.97)	0.91 (0.87–0.96)
East Asia	0.41 (0.39–0.42)	0.59 (0.56–0.61)	0.54 (0.50–0.57)
Southeast Asia	0.88 (0.85–0.90)	1.06 (1.03–1.09)	0.99 (0.93–1.04)
South Asia	0.62 (0.59–0.64)	0.94 (0.91–0.98)	0.90 (0.85–0.96)
Middle East	0.57 (0.53–0.61)	0.78 (0.72–0.83)	0.65 (0.58–0.73)
Africa	0.75 (0.71–0.78)	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.93 (0.87–0.99)
Other regions	0.48 (0.43–0.54)	0.62 (0.55–0.70)	0.57 (0.48–0.67)
Does not speak English/not well		1.00 (0.97–1.03)	1.00 (0.97–1.03)
Speaks well/very well		0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)
U.S. duration (ref: 0–4 years)
5–10 years		1.15 (1.13–1.17)	1.09 (1.06–1.12)
Interaction between region of origin and U.S. residence (ref: Mexico × 0–4 years)
Canada × 5–10 years			0.88 (0.73–1.07)
Central/South America × 5–10 years			1.10 (1.05–1.15)
Western Europe × 5–10 years			0.97 (0.87–1.09)
Eastern Europe × 5–10 years			1.04 (0.98–1.11)
East Asia × 5–10 years			1.17 (1.08–1.26)
Southeast Asia × 5–10 years			1.12 (1.05–1.19)
South Asia × 5–10 years			1.08 (1.00–1.16)
Middle East × 5–10 years			1.36 (1.17–1.57)
Africa × 5–10 years			1.11 (1.01–1.22)
Other regions × 5–10 years			1.20 (0.95–1.51)
Model fit statistics (−2 LOG L)
Without covariates 389,058.0		–	–
With covariates 380,379.1		375,209.9	375,156.8

Model 1 control for age and sex

Model 2: Model 1 + English proficiency, U.S. residence, marital status, education, employment status, and poverty index

Model 3: Model 2 + Interaction between U.S. residence and region of origin

Data source: As for Table 1

^aThe reference group is Mexican immigrants