Table 2.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Risk Estimates for IUGR and IUFD in Fetuses With Echogenic Bowel Compared to Those Without Echogenic Bowel After Excluding Cases of Aneuploidy and CMV Infection

	Incidence in EB group (n=231)	Incidence in Non-EB group (n=49,940)	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
IUGR	19.5%	12.9%	1.6 (1.2–2.0)	2.1* (1.5–2.9)	<0.001
IUFD	7.3%	0.9%	8.0 (5.0–12.8)	9.6† (5.8–15.9)	<0.001
IUFD+IUGR	6.1%	0.2%	27.5 (16.0–47.2)	---	---
IUFD-IUGR	1.3%	0.2%	6.2 (2.0–19.2)	---	---

^*Adjusted for African American race, tobacco use, pre-eclampsia and pre-gestational diabetes

^†Adjusted for African American race

P-values are from the Wald test of the adjusted odds ratios.

IUGR=intrauterine growth restriction; IUFD=intrauterine fetal demise; EB=echogenic bowel; CMV=cytomegalovirus; RR=relative risk; aOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI=confidence interval