Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Risk Estimates for IUGR and IUFD in Fetuses With Isolated Echogenic Bowel (excluding cases of aneuploidy, CMV infection and major anomalies)

All cases of isolated echogenic bowel
	Incidence in EB group (n=188)	Incidence in Non-EB group (n=48,803)	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
IUGR	19.7%	12.9%	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	2.1* (1.4–3.0)	<0.001
IUFD	5.3%	0.8%	6.3 (3.4–11.5)	7.4† (3.9–14.1)	<0.001
IUFD+IUGR	4.2%	0.2%	21.7 (10.7–44.0)	---	---
IUFD-IUGR	1.3%	0.2%	5.8 (1.4–23.5)	---	---
Cases of isolated echogenic bowel with normal serum screening results
	Incidence in EB group (n=166)	Incidence in Non-EB group (n=43,677)	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
IUGR	18.0%	12.8%	1.4 (1.1–2.0)	1.9* (1.2–2.9)	0.002
IUFD	4.2%	0.8%	5.3 (2.5–11.0)	6.2† (2.9–13.4)	<0.001
IUFD+IUGR	3.0%	0.2%	17.3 (7.1–42.3)	---	---
IUFD-IUGR	1.2%	0.2%	6.4 (1.6–25.9)	---	---

^*Adjusted for African American race, tobacco use, pre-eclampsia and pre-gestational diabetes

^†Adjusted for African American race

P-values are from the Wald test of the adjusted odds ratios.

IUGR=intrauterine growth restriction; IUFD=intrauterine fetal demise; EB=echogenic bowel; RR=relative risk; aOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI=confidence interval