Table 1. Demographic data, clinical characteristics and associated factors of people with epilepsy with and without neurocysticercosis.
| Characteristics | PWE with NCC | PWE without NCC | Total | ||
| Age at examination day in years | N | 35 | 177 | 212 | |
| p = 0.530 | Mean (SD) | 32.5 (20.6) | 27.3 (12.7) | 28.2 (14.4) | |
| Median (range) | 22 (13–83) | 24 (11–72) | 24 (11–83) | ||
| Age at first seizure in years | N | 35 | 176 | 211 | |
| p = 0.097 | Mean (SD) | 24.3 (22.0) | 16.3 (12.2) | 17.7 (14.5) | |
| Median (range) | 17 (0.1–77) | 14 (0.3–64) | 14 (0.1–77) | ||
| Gender | Male | N (%) | 21 (60.0) | 87 (49.2) | 108 (50.9) |
| p = 0.270 | Female | N (%) | 14 (40.0) | 90 (50.8) | 104 (49.1) |
| Tribe | Iraqw | N (%) | 33 (94.3) | 120 (67.8) | 153 (72.2) |
| p = 0.005 | Datoga | N (%) | 2 (5.7) | 27 (15.3) | 29 (13.7) |
| Bantu tribes | N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (15.8) | 28 (13.2) | |
| Other | N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Educational level | None | N (%) | 14 (40.0) | 53 (30.1) | 67 (31.8) |
| p = 0.734 | Less than 7 years | N (%) | 9 (25.7) | 49 (27.8) | 58 (27.5) |
| Primary school (7 years) | N (%) | 12 (34.3) | 68 (38.6) | 80 (37.9) | |
| 7–11 years | N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Secondary school (11 years) | N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.8) | 5 (2.4) | |
| Type of seizure1) | Gwa | N (%) | 15 (42.9) | 100 (56.5) | 115 (54.2) |
| p = 0.461 | Gfs | N (%) | 7 (20.0) | 33 (18.6) | 40 (18.9) |
| Goa | N (%) | 8 (22.9) | 22 (12.4) | 30 (14.2) | |
| Gbd | N (%) | 2 (5.7) | 11(6.2) | 13 (6.1) | |
| Tt | N (%) | 3 (8.6) | 9 (5.1) | 12 (5.7) | |
| U | N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Frequency of seizures / month before Tx | N | 26 | 153 | 179 | |
| p = 0.461 | Mean (SD) | 6.8 (14.1) | 7.8 (19.3) | 7.7 (18.6) | |
| Median (range) | 2.75 (0.1–70) | 3 (0.1–180) | 3 (0.1–180) | ||
| Frequency of seizures / month after Tx in 2006 | N | 35 | 175 | 210 | |
| p = 0.093 | Mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.8 (2.6) | 0.8 (2.4) | |
| Median (range) | 0 (0–3) | 0.2 (0–29.5) | 0.2 (0–29.5) | ||
| Compliance with Tx | Compliant | N (%) | 14 (42.4) | 95 (53.7) | 109 (51.9) |
| p = 0.259 | Non-compliant | N (%) | 19 (57.6) | 82 (46.3) | 101 (48.1) |
| Reduction of seizure frequency in 2006 in percent | N | 32 | 169 | 201 | |
| All PWE | Mean (SD) | 90.2 (21.9) | 81.6 (29.5) | 82.9 (28.5) | |
| p = 0.081 | Median (range) | 100 (0–100) | 97.8 (0–100) | 99.6 (0–100) | |
| Reduction of seizure frequency in 2006 in percent | N | 16 | 80 | 96 | |
| Non compliant | Mean (SD) | 82.2 (29.0) | 73.0 (34.1) | 74.6 (33.3) | |
| p = 0.362 | Median (range) | 96.5 (0–100) | 87.0 (0–100) | 89.3 (0–100) | |
| Reduction of seizure frequency in 2006 in percent | N | 14 | 89 | 103 | |
| All Compliant: | Mean (SD) | 98.6 (3.6) | 89.2 (22.1) | 90.5 (20.8) | |
| p = 0.046 | Median (range) | 100 (89–100) | 100 (0–100) | 100 (0–100) | |
| Reduction of seizure frequency in 2006 in percent | N | 9 | 65 | 74 | |
| Compliant on Carbamazepine | Mean (SD) | 99.0 (2.8) | 89.2 (21.7) | 90.4 (20.6) | |
| p = 0.069 | Median (range) | 100 (92–100) | 98.8 (0–100) | 100 (0–100) | |
| Reduction of seizure frequency in 2006 in percent | N | 5 | 21 | 26 | |
| Compliant on Phenobarbitone | Mean (SD) | 97.8 (5.0) | 87.9 (24.7) | 89.8 (22.5) | |
| p = 0.294 | Median (range) | 100 (89–100) | 100 (0–100) | 100 (0–100) | |
| Family history of seizures | n = 212; p = 0.688 | N (%) | 11 (31.4) | 50 (28.2) | 61 (28.8) |
| PPH of depression | n = 211; p = 0.224 | N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (6.8) | 12 (5.7) |
| PPH of psychotic episodes | n = 212; p = 1.000 | N (%) | 1 (2.9) | 5 (2.8) | 6 (2.8) |
| PPH of mental retardation | n = 212; p = 1.000 | N (%) | 4 (11.4) | 23 (13.0) | 27 (12.7) |
1)
Gwa...Generalised seizures that started within a specific age range (seizures most likely due to idiopathic epilepsy), Gfs...Generalised seizures with obvious focal neurological signs, Goa...Generalised seizures that started outside the age range of idiopathic epilepsies but without any obvious sign or history of an underlying cause, Gbd...Generalised seizures with more widespread brain damage, Tt...Two different seizure types, U...Unclassified epileptic seizures; for more details see Winkler et al. [19] PWE... People with epilepsy, NCC... Neurocysticercosis, Tx... Anti-epileptic treatment, PPH... Past psychiatric history.