Fig. 3.

Type 2 cytokine [interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13] concentrations in the supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by PPD (a, b), TT (c, d) and PHA (e, f) in the three groups of patients. Patients who were not vaccinated against tuberculosis were excluded from analysis of responses to PPD. P-value for comparison between three groups shown in the black box was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test. P-value for comparison between two groups shown with a horizontal black bar was calculated with Dunn's multiple comparison test. PPD, purified protein derivative; TT, tetanus toxoid; PHA, phytohaemagglutinin; USP, untreated slow progressors; UP, untreated progressors; FS, full viral suppression. *P < 0·05.