Table 1.

Serum levels of bone and cartilage turnover markers and interleukin (IL)-6 in mice with collagen–antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) treated with raloxifene, oestradiol or vehicle control.^*

	Non-immunized OVX vehicle healthy controls	Immunized sham vehicle	Immunized OVX vehicle	Immunized OVX E2	Immunized OVX raloxifene
Bone formation	178†††	118	137	138	170††#
Osteocalcin, ng/ml	(145–213)	(103–135)	(114–151)	(121–172)	(155–185)
Bone resorption	14·1	13·2†††	15·9	14·5	15·6
RatLaps, ng/ml	(13·4–15·8)	(12·7–13·5)	(13·4–17·9)	(14·2–16·1)	(14·6–17·0)
Cartilage destruction	3·0†††	4·2†	8·3	3·9††	5·8#
COMP, U/l	(2·6–4·6)	(3·4–6·8)	(3·8–10·1)	(3·4–4·6)	(4·0–7·0)
IL-6 (pg/ml)	105†††	240	230	203	199
	(85–125)	(217–290)	(145–397)	(130–301)	(154–297)

^*Values are the median (interquartile range) of eight to 12 animals per group.

^†P < 0·05 versus ovariectomy (OVX) vehicle

^††P < 0·01 versus OVX vehicle

^†††P < 0·001 versus OVX vehicle

^#P < 0·05 versus OVX E2. COMP: cartilage oligomeric matrix protein.