Table 3.
Effects of essential oil (EO) of Citrus limon or morphine (MOR) on the hot plate test in the absence and presence of naloxone in mice.
| Treatment | Dose (mg/kg) | Reaction time (licking of the hind paws) (s)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal | 0.5 h | 1 h | 1.5 h | ||
| Vehicle | — | 8.5 ± 0.87 | 10.8 ± 0.89 | 10.9 ± 0.91 | 9.7 ± 1.6 |
| EO | 50 | 7.8 ± 0.77a | 10.7 ± 0.68 | 19.7 ± 0.45a | 14.9 ± 1.4a |
| EO | 100 | 7.1 ± 0.79a,b | 10.9 ± 0.38 | 13.6 ± 0.93a,b | 18.5 ± 1.8a,b |
| EO | 150 | 6.5 ± 0.67a,b,c | 12.4 ± 0.34a,b,c | 12.2 ± 1.71a,b,c | 18.4 ± 1.0a, |
| EO plus NAL | 150 + 1.5 | 9.2 ± 0.95d | 10.0 ± 0.85d | 11.5 ± 0.85 | 9.2 ± 1.1d |
| MOR | 5 | 8.1 ± 0.83 | 21.9 ± 0.65a | 25.4 ± 1.45a | 27.1 ± 1.9a |
| MOR plus NAL | 5 + 1.5 | 6.8 ± 0.84 | 8.4 ± 1.1e,f | 12.4 ± 1.23e | 7.8 ± 1.9e,f |
n = 7 per group.
*Values represent mean ± SEM.
a P < .01, significantly different from control, bP < .01, significantly different from EO 50 group, cP < .01, significantly different from EO 100 group. dP < .01, significantly different from EO 150 group, eP < .01, significantly different from MOR group, fP < .01, significantly different from EO plus NAL group. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test was applied to all data.