Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinical and demographic parameters for resistance to ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli isolates^*

Risk factors	Total, N = 119	Ciprofloxacin resistance	P value
Univariate analysis
Age over 50	32	16 (50)	0.194
Male gender	27	3 (11)	0.972
Diabetes mellitus	10	0 (0)	0.247
Pregnancy	10	1 (10)	0.834
Cardiovascular disease	6	0 (0)	0.379
Pulmonary disease	6	1 (14)	0.769
Oncological disease	8	2 (25)	0.186
Benign prostatic hypertrophy	2	2 (100)	< 0.001
Hospitalized (inpatient)	47	27 (57)	0.005
Hospitalization in last 12 months	39	22 (56)	0.022
UTI in last 12 months	21	13 (62)	0.037
Urinary catheter	14	11 (78)	0.004
Urinary catheter in last 12 months	19	13 (68)	0.037
Ciprofloxacin use in the previous 6 months	13	11 (84)	0.001
Use of other antibiotics in the previous 6 months	51	27 (53)	0.028
ESBL positive	15	14 (93)	< 0.001
Multivariant analysis	Odds ratio	Confidence interval	P value
Use other antibiotics in the previous 6 months	1.02	1.02–2.344	0.005
Ciprofloxacin use in the previous 6 months	7.59	1.75–32.74	< 0.001
ESBL positive	19.32	2.62–142.16	< 0.001

^*UTI = urinary tract infection; ESBL = extended-spectrum β-lactamace.