Fig. 3.

Kinematic variables for jumping bat species. Myotis blythii (Mb, N=5), Myotis capaccinii (Mc, N=15) Myotis myotis (Mm, N=12), Rhinolophus blasii (Rb, N=6) and Miniopterus schrebersi (Ms, N=17). Data for Desmodus rotundus (Dr) are included for comparative purposes (Schutt et al., 1997). (A) Take-off angle. (B) Jump height. (C) Take-off speed. (D) Jump force. (E) Jump force/weight. Letters above the bars indicate significant differences (P<0.05) determined from the Tukey post hoc analyses. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different from each other and all data are shown with standard error bars.