Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline
| Variable* | Total (N = 230) | Interim (n = 99) | Standard (n = 104) | Restored (n = 27) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Mean (SD) | 43.2 (8.0) | 43.6 (8.2) | 43.5 (7.7) | 40.7 (7.8) |
| Male, Number (%) | 161 (70.0) | 69 (69.7) | 74 (71.2) | 18 (66.7) |
| Race, Number (%) | ||||
| Black | 178 (77.4%) | 78 (78.8) | 79 (76.0) | 21 (77.8) |
| White | 49 (21.3%) | 19 (19.2) | 24 (23.1) | 6 (22.2) |
| Native-American | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 |
| Asian | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Married, Number (%) | 31 (13.5%) | 12 (12.1) | 16 (15.4) | 3 (11.1) |
| Employed in last 30 days, Number (%) | 75 (32.6%) | 27 (27.3) | 42 (40.4) | 6 (22.2) |
| Years of education, Mean (SD) | 11.3 (1.9) | 11.3 (1.6) | 11.3 (1.9) | 11.1 (2.6) |
| Age of onset heroin use, Mean (SD) | 21.5 (7.0) | 20.4 (6.4) | 22.5 (7.5) | 22.0 (7.0) |
| Days of heroin use/last 30 days, Mean (SD) | 29.1 (3.4) | 29.2 (3.0) | 29.1 (3.8) | 29.1 (2.7) |
| Age of onset of cocaine use 1, Mean (SD) | 23.2 (6.8) | 23.0 (6.4) | 23.8 (7.4) | 21.2 (5.1) |
| Days of cocaine use/last 30 days, Mean (SD) | 5.8 (9.1) | 5.4 (8.3) | 6.2 (9.9) | 6.0 (9.3) |
| Age at first crime 2, Mean (SD) | 19.8 (7.8) | 20.5 (8.5) | 19.3 (7.2) | 19.8 (7.3) |
| Money spent on drugs/last 30 days, Mean (SD) | 981 (858) | 962 (1,003) | 927 (737) | 1,256 (670) |
| Illegal income/last 30 days, Mean (SD) | 549 (1,141) | 657 (1,275) | 475 (1,083) | 443 (785) |
| Lifetime months of incarceration, Mean (SD) | 50.6 (67.3) | 51.8 (71.2) | 49.5 (65.6) | 50.2 (61.1) |
| Lifetime number of arrests, Mean (SD) | 10.8 (10.7) | 11.6 (12.4) | 10.5 (9.1) | 8.9 (9.7) |
| Prior MTP episode, (yes) | 107 (46.5) | 53 (53.5) | 39 (37.5) | 15 (55.6) |
*
Values are mean (SD), except for gender, race, marital and employment status, heroin and cocaine drug test results and prior MTP episode, which are expressed as number of participants (%).
1
7 participants in the Interim Group, 6 participants in the Standard Group, and 5 participants in the Restored Group never used cocaine, n = 212.
2
13 participants in the Interim Group, 15 participants in the Standard Group, and 4 participants in the Restored Group denied ever committing a crime, n = 198.
Note: There were no statistically significant differences between groups on any of the variables reported in this table (all ps > .05), except for prior MTP episodes (p = .044).