Table 1.

Prototype Integrated DNA Analysis Devices

Sample preparation	Biochemical reactions	Detection	Fabrication methods for device	References
RNA purification from 1 mL of serum samples spiked with different copy numbers of an RNA transcript that contained a partial HIV sequence	Reverse transcription-PCR, nested PCR, DNase fragmentation and dephosphorylation, and terminal transferase labeling	GeneChip hybridization	conventional computer-controlled (CNC) machining	Anderson et al. 2000
N/A	strand displacement amplification using on-device heater to provide thermal heating	electrophoresis	standard microfabrication techniques	Burns et al. 1998
N/A	multiplex PCR using commercial thermal cycler to provide thermal cycling	electrophoresis	standard microfabrication techniques	Waters et al. 1998
N/A	PCR using on-device heater to provide thermal cycling	electrophoresis	standard microfabrication techniques	Woolley et al. 1998
White blood cells isolation form <3 μL of human whole blood	PCR using on-device heater-cooler to provide thermal cycling	N/A	conventional CNC machining (standard microfabrication techniques for microchips)	Plexiglas microchip module (Figure 1A, B)