Table 1.
Characterized multi-domain type I PKSs from Aspergillus
| Origin | Gene | Protein | No. of aad | Secondary metabolite | Domain architecturee | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NR-PKS | ||||||
| A. parasiticus | pksA | PksA (NSAS) | 2109 | Aflatoxin B1 (2) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-TE/CLC | (Chang et al. 1995; Trail et al. 1995) |
| A. parasiticus | pksL1 | PKSL1 (NSAS) | 2109 | Aflatoxin B1 (2) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-TE/CLC | (Feng and Leonard 1995) |
| A. nidulans | pksST, stcA | StcA (NSAS) | 2181 | Sterigmatocystin (1) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP-TE/CLC | (Brown et al. 1996; Yu and Leonard 1995) |
| A. nidulans | wAb | WAb | 1986 | Isocoumarins (7–9) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP | (Mayorga and Timberlake 1992; Watanabe et al. 1998) |
| A. nidulans | wA | WA | 2157 | YWA1 (10) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP-TE/CLC | (Watanabe et al. 1999) |
| A. fumigatus | alb1 | Alb1p | 2146 | YWA1 (10) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP-TE/CLC | (Tsai et al. 1998, 1999; Watanabe et al. 2000) |
| A. fumigatus | pksP | PksP | 2146 | YWA1 (10) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP-TE/CLC | (Langfelder et al. 1998) |
| C. lagenariuma | PKS1 | PKS1 | 2187 | T4HN (11) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP-TE/CLC | (Fujii et al. 1999, 2000; Takano et al. 1995) |
| A. nidulans | aptA | AptA | 1792 | Asperthecin (21) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP | (Szewczyk et al. 2008) |
| A. nidulans | mdpG | MdpG | 1806 | Monodictyphenone (24) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP | (Bok et al. 2009) |
| A. nidulans | orsA | OrsA | 2103 | Orsellinic acid (27) and F9775 (25 and 26) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-ACP-TE | (Bok et al. 2009; Sanchez et al. 2010; Schroeckh et al. 2009) |
| A. nidulans | afoE | AfoE | 2793 | Asperfuranone (30) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-CMeT-R | (Chiang et al. 2009b) |
| Acremonium strictuma | ASpks1 | MOS | 2729 | 3-Methylorcinaldehyde (32) | SAT-KS-AT-PT-ACP-CMeT-R | (Bailey et al. 2007) |
| HR-PKS | ||||||
| A. terreus | lovB | LovB | 3038 | Lovastatin (3) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-(ER)-KR-ACP-C | (Hendrickson et al. 1999; Kennedy et al. 1999) |
| A. terreus | lovF | LovF | 2532 | Lovastatin (3) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-ER-KR-ACP | (Kennedy et al. 1999) |
| A. nidulans | easB | EasB | 2534 | Emericellamides (35–39) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-ER-KR-ACP | (Chiang et al. 2008) |
| A. nidulans | afoG | AfoG | 2527 | Asperfuranone (30) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-ER-KR-ACP | (Chiang et al. 2009b) |
| Phoma sp. C2932a | PhPKS1 | SQTKS | 2714 | Squalestatin tetraketide (40) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-ER-KR-ACP | (Cox et al. 2004) |
| Alternaria solania | alt5 | PKSN | 2551 | Alternapyrone (41) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-ER-KR-ACP | (Fujii et al. 2005) |
| Alternaria solania | pksF | PKSF | 2260 | Aslanipyrone (42) and aslaniol (43) | KS-AT-DH-ER-KR-ACP | (Kasahara et al. 2006) |
| A. ochraceus | pksc | PKSc | 502 | Ochratoxin A (44) | (O’Callaghan et al. 2003) | |
| A. westerdijkiae | aoks1c | AoKS1c | 654 | Ochratoxin A (44) | (Bacha et al. 2009a) | |
| PR-PKS | ||||||
| A. terreus | atX | MSAS | 1803 | 6-MSA (46) | KS-AT-DH-Core-KR-ACP | (Fujii et al. 1996) |
| A. westerdijkiae | aomsas | MSAS | 1766 | 6-MSA (46), asperlactone (47) and isoasperlactone (48) | KS-AT-DH-Core-KR-ACP | (Bacha et al. 2009b) |
| PKS-NRPS | ||||||
| A. oryzae | cpaA | CpaA | 3907 | CPA (49) | KS-AT-(DH)-(CMeT)-(ER)-(KR)-ACP-C-A-PCP-DKC | (Tokuoka et al. 2008) |
| A. flavus | cpaA | CpaA | 3906 | CPA (49) | KS-AT-(DH)-(CMeT)-(ER)-(KR)-ACP-C-A-PCP-DKC | (Chang et al. 2009; Seshime et al. 2009) |
| Beauveria bassianaa | tenS | TENS | 4239 | Tenellin (51) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-(ER)-KR-ACP-C-A-PCP-DKC | (Eley et al. 2007; Halo et al. 2008) |
| A. nidulans | apdA | ApdA | 3930 | Aspyridones (56 and 57) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-(ER)-KR-ACP-C-A-PCP-DKC | (Bergmann et al. 2007) |
| A. fumigatus | psoA | PsoA | 3991 | Pseurotin A (59) | KS-AT-DH-CMeT-KR-ACP-C-A-PCP-R | (Maiya et al. 2007) |
a
Identified by heterologous expression in A. oryzae M-2-3
b
67 aa C-terminal truncated WA
c
Partial DNA sequences
d
Predicted no. of aa if studied from genome mining
e
Domains in parenthesis are non-functional