Table 1.
Summary of known regulating factors affecting artemisinin production in A. annua
| JA | SA | GA3 | BAP | ABA | DMSO | Glucose | Fructose | AA | AN | Chilling | Drought | Water logginga |
AM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GENES | ||||||||||||||
| HMGR | nm | + | nm | nm | + | nm | + | + | ns | ns | + | ns | ns | nm |
| DXS | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | + | ns | nm | nm | + | + | ns | nm |
| DXR | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | + | ns | nm | nm | + | ns | ns | nm |
| FPS | + | ns | nm | nm | + | nm | + | ns | ns | ns | + | + | ns | nm |
| ADS | + | + | nm | nm | ns | ns | + | ns | − | ns | + | + | ns | nm |
| CYP | + | ns | nm | nm | + | + | + | ns | − | − | + | + | ns | nm |
| DBR2 | + | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | ns | ns | + | nm |
| ALDH1 | + | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm |
| METABOLITES | ||||||||||||||
| AA | + | + | ns | ns | nm | ns | − | − | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm |
| AB | + | nm | ns | ns | nm | ns | − | − | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm |
| DHAA | + | + | ns | ns | nm | + | − | − | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm |
| AN | + | + | ns | ns | + | + | + | − | nm | − | + | + | nm | + |
| Glandular trichome # | + | nm | ns | + | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm | nm |
| Shoot response to root-perceived signal? | Yes | nm | Yes | Yes | nm | Yes | Yes | Yes | nm | nm | nm | nm | Yes | Yes |
a
Yang et al. (2010) suggested that water logging induced hypoxia. +
nm not measured, ns not significant, + upregulated or increased; − downregulated or decreased, AA artemisinic acid; AB arteannuin B; ABA abscisic acid; AM arbuscular mycorrhizae; AN artemisinin; DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide; DHAA dihydroartemisinic acid; JA jasmonic acid; SA salicylic acid; GA3 gibberellin 3; BAP benzylaminopurine