Figure 5.

Morphological processing and the dual-route approach to orthographic processing. Fine-grained orthographic processing enables sublexical morpho-orthographic segmentation via the detection of affixes such as the suffix “er” in the stimulus “farmer.” Activation in these representations is fed-forward to whole-word orthographic representations, increasing the activation level of all compatible units (e.g., “farmer,” “farm”). Coarse-grained orthography activates compatible whole-word orthographic representations. Morpho-semantic representations provide bi-directional connectivity between whole-word representations belonging to the same morphological family.