Table 2.
Visits 1 and 2 Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures
| |
Meditation |
Education |
Respite |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1 | Visit 2 | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | p value | |
| Primary outcome | |||||||
| RMBPC reaction* | 27.1 ± 12.9 | 24.8 ± 12.9 | 28.1 ± 11.1 | 21.6 ± 5.8 | 24.8 ± 23.6 | 26.4 ± 23.7 | 0.030 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||||
| RMBPC confidence* | 28.8 ± 17.6 | 34.1 ± 17.4 | 36.7 ± 23.2 | 30.1 ± 14.3 | 30.3 ± 18.9 | 26.6 ± 22.3 | 0.026 |
| PSS | 18.5 ± 8.5 | 17.8 ± 6.0 | 18.6 ± 7.5 | 20.5 ± 5.7 | 17.33 ± 4.9 | 17.8 ± 4.7 | 0.332 |
| CESD | 15.8 ± 7.7 | 12.5 ± 10.9 | 16.9 ± 10.0 | 15.2 ± 7.8 | 14.5 ± 7.7 | 15.3 ± 7.4 | 0.705 |
| SF-36 Fatigue | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 9.3 ± 3.9 | 10.1 ± 5.2 | 9.5 ± 4.6 | 9.4 ± 3.8 | 9.8 ± 3.3 | 0.287 |
| Mindfulness MAAS | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 0.950 |
| Mindfulness FFNJ | 21.2 ± 6.5 | 21.7 ± 7.2 | 22.1 ± 4.4 | 22.4 ± 7.0 | 22.1 ± 3.7 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 0.286 |
| GPSE | 30.6 ± 4.4 | 31.4 ± 4.6 | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 30.9 ± 4.6 | 30.2 ± 5.1 | 31.4 ± 5.1 | 0.761 |
| PSQI | 8.7 ± 3.4 | 9.0 ± 2.7 | 8.0 ± 2.7 | 8.0 ± 4.1 | 9.5 ± 3.7 | 9.3 ± 4.0 | 0.711 |
| ESS | 4.7 ± 2.8 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 4.8 | 6.1 ± 4.4 | 7.1 ± 4.7 | 8.0 ± 5.0 | 0.859 |
| NPI total | 15.4 ± 5.2 | 19.3 ± 6.3 | 14.6 ± 8.2 | 14.0 ± 6.2 | 12.9 ± 5.8 | 11.0 ± 6.2 | 0.848 |
| Caregiver appraisalT | 89.1 ± 14.7 | 88.5 ± 15.0 | 91.2 ± 17.2 | 88.7 ± 12.0 | 89.7 ± 11.2 | 90.4 ± 14.2 | 0.086 |
| CRI approach | 49.9 ± 11.3 | 51.2 ± 12.9 | 38.7 ± 10.1 | 45.2 ± 9.6 | 43.6 ± 16.5 | 43.3 ± 15.1 | 0.200 |
| CRI avoidance | 27.5 ± 13.8 | 28.9 ± 10.3 | 27.0 ± 6.0 | 25.6 ± 5.4 | 30.2 ± 13.0 | 25.6 ± 9.4 | 0.710 |
| Cortisol bedtime | 3.4 ± 5.1 | 2.1 ± 4.4 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.209 |
| Cortisol awake | 3.6 ± 4.0 | 3.0 ± 3.9 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.615 |
| Cortisol 30 min | 4.0 ± 4.6 | 2.7 ± 4.1 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.175 |
| IL-6 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 3.0 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 4.0 | 0.922 |
| TNF-α | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.880 |
| hsCRP | 4.3 ± 4.0 | 2.4 ± 2.6 | 4.6 ± 5.3 | 4.7 ± 4.2 | 3.1 ± 4.1 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 0.891 |
| Stroop interference* | 124.9 ± 71.9 | 105.7 ± 56.3 | 152.6 ± 35.1 | 121.8 ± 31.6 | 121.4 ± 49.7 | 126.0 ± 81.4 | 0.038 |
| ANT conflict | 144.1 ± 84.1 | 163.5 ± 70.2 | 127.4 ± 70.7 | 124.8 ± 58.9 | 159.9 ± 62.9 | 111.8 ± 42.3 | 0.141 |
| ANT alerting* | 28.1 ± 46.3 | 60.5 ± 18.2 | 54.5 ± 63.2 | 64.1 ± 36.8 | 33.8 ± 27.3 | 39.6 ± 31.0 | 0.045 |
| Word List immediate | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 0.489 |
| Word List delayed | 6.6 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 2.1 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 0.988 |
| Expectancy | 66.5 ± 19.6 | – | 66.4 ± 22.7 | – | 51.8 ± 25.3 | – | 0.988 |
| Credibility | 7.3 ± 1.5 | – | 7.3 ± 1.6 | – | 6.5 ± 1.8 | – | 0.902 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation.
*
p < 0.05, T = 0.10 > p > 0.05.
RMBPC, Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; MAAS, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; FFNJ, measure of being nonjudgmental adapted from factor five; GPSE, General Perceived Self-Efficacy; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; CRI, Coping Responses Inventory; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis-α; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ANT, Attentional Network Test.