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Illustration of the six different time points (vertical lines) at which serum samples were obtained [the average time in the bottom row indicates the time of the day, averaged across all subjects; SEM was less than 25 min for each of the time points (TP)]. The auditory stimulation commenced at TP 1; TP 2 was immediately before applying spinal anesthesia, and TP 3 directly after skin incision. TP 4 was before skin closure; TP 5 was 3 h, and TP 6 was 24 h, after the end of surgery.
