Table 1.

miR-146, miR-155, and miR-21: activators and targets

miR	Expression	Activators/Conditions	Cell/Tissue	Ref. No.
miR-146	up	A TLR4 ligands (e.g., LPS)	Thp-1, monocytic cell line	86
	up	TLR-2, -4, or -5 ligands (e.g., bacterial and fungal components) and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-1b #28	myeloid cells	56, 86, 90
	up	IL-1 receptor signaling & inflammatory cytokines associated with senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)	senescencent cells	5, 14
	up	12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treated in vitro-differentiating HL-60 cells	myeloid cell differentiation	12
	down	high glucose (20 mM, 24 h) compared with low (5.6 mM) glucose	cultured human islets	22
	up	IL-1β	A549 cells, BEAS2B cells and primary human airway epithelial cells	60
miR-155	up	inflammatory mediators [e.g., TNF-α, LPS, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic (PI:PC) acid and IFNβ]	macrophages	56
	up	LPS stimulation	mouse Raw 264.7 macrophages	90
	up	ip injection with LPS	C57 BL6 mice	90
	up (>100-fold)	maturation of DCs	DCs	44
	up	innate and adaptive immune responses	macrophages and B- and T-cells	87
miR-21	up	administration of aerosolized LPS to mouse lung	mouse lung	51
	up	IL-6 induces the expression of miR-21 in a STAT3-dependent manner	multiple myeloma cells	39

LPS, lipopolysaccharide; DC, dendritic cell.