Table 2.
Changes in miRNA profiles in CNS disorders
| Disorders | Implicated miRNAs | Potential Targets and/or Signaling Pathway | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| SCI | 97 miRNAs were deregulated; 60 of the 97 expressed above the moderate level; among the 60 miRNAs, 30↑, 16↓, 14↑ at 4 h and then ↓ at 1 & 7 days | target proteins involved in inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis that are known to underlie pathogenesis of SCI | (65) |
| SCI | miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-223, and miR-451↑; miR-124a, miR-129-3p, miR-342, miR-495, and miR-541↓; miR-223↑: 2 peaks at 12 h and 3 days after SCI miR-124↓: at 1 day through 7 days after SCI | N/A | (74) |
| TBI | expression changes >2-fold: 13 miRNAs↑ and 14 miRNAs↓ at 6 h after TBI; 4 miRNAs↑ and 23 miRNAs↓ at 1 day after TBI; 16 miRNAs↑ and 11 miRNAs↓ at 2 days after TBI; 19 miRNAs↑ and 5 miRNAs↓ at 3 days after TBI | target proteins involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, proliferation, and differentiation that are known to be initiated after TBI | (60) |
| TBI | 50 miRNAs↓, 35 miRNAs↑ | N/A | (78) |
| Brain ischemia | a number of miRNAs were deregulated | 4 target genes known to be important in the progression of cerebral ischemia. | (38) |
| Brain ischemia | 8 miRNAs↑ and 12 miRNAs↓ at 3 h and 3 days; decreased miR-145 resulted in increased translation of its mRNA target, superoxide dismutase-2; in silico analysis showed sequence complementarity of 8 miRNAs induced after focal ischemia to 877 promoters | several target proteins known to mediate inflammation, transcription, neuroprotection, receptors function, and ionic homeostasis | (20) |
| Brain ischemia | miR-497↑ in brain after transient ischemia, and in N2A neuroblastoma cells after oxygen–glucose deprivation; miR-497 promoted ischemic neuronal death | bcl-2 and bcl-w | (103) |
| Brain ischemia | a number of miRNAs were deregulated in the brain; many miRNAs changed >1.5-fold | N/A | (64) |
| AD | miR-29a, miR-29b-1↓ | BACE1 | (36) |
| AD | miR-107↓ | BACE1 | (97) |
| AD | miR-9, miR-125b, miR-128↑ | N/A | (68) |
| AD | miR-146a↑ | complement factor H | (69) |
| AD | miR-298, miR-328↓ | BACE1 | ()8" |
| AD | miR-20a, miR-17-5p and miR-106b (only miR-106b decreased in AD) | APP | (35) |
| AD | miR-101 | APP | (93) |
| AD | miR-15a, miR-195 and miR-497 (only miR-15a decreased in AD) | ERK1 | (37) |
| PD | miR-133b↓ | PITX3 | (44) |
| PD | miR-433 | FGF20 | (96) |
| PD | miR-7↓ | αSYN | (41) |
| Huntington's disease | miR-9, miR-9*↓ | REST, CoREST (RCOR1) | (76) |
| Huntington's disease | mi-124a, miR-132↓ | N/A | (39) |
| Rett syndrome | miR-132 | MeCP2 | (47) |
| Fragile X syndrome | miR-125b, miR-132 | NR2A | (23) |
| Tourette's syndrome | miR-189 | SLITRK1 | (1) |
CNS, central nervous system; SCI, spinal cord injury; TBI, traumatic brain injury; AD, Alzheimer's disease; PD, Parkinson's disease; N/A, nonapplicable.