Figure 2.

shJNK2 expression in mammary cancer cells inhibits tumor growth rate and decreases lung metastasis. (A) shJNK2 and GIPZ expressing cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of Balb/c mice. Tumor volume was measured 3 times weekly (Wilcoxon matched pairs test, P = 0.0031). (B) Percentage of survival was determined based on time to reach target tumor volume (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, P = 0.0001). (C) Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on sections from paraffin-embedded tumors using Ki-67 primary antibody. Positive expressing cells were counted and divided by hematoxylin-stained nuclei (2-tailed Student t test, P = 0.0028). Representative images are provided on the right. (D) Immediately after mice were euthanized, the lungs were perfused with India ink and later destained to visualize unstained metastatic lesions, which were quantified (2-tailed Student t test, P = 0.0011). Examples of India ink–stained lungs are shown.