Table 2.

Data from 59 diabetes patients categorized according to anti-insulin antibody levels and 18 healthy controls

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

^*IA negative is anti-insulin antibody negative (IA≤5.4%); ^†IA positive is anti-insulin antibody positive (IA>5.4%); ^‡Groups 1-3 were composed of IA positive patients, which were divided into 3 groups according to IA levels, and the criteria for classification were arbitrarily determined; ^§P values were determined by using one-way ANOVA followed post hoc test with Bonferroni correction or Kruskal-Wallis H tests, which represents the differences in each variable among the 5 groups (Healthy control, IA negative DM group, and IA positive groups 1-3); ^∥E170 direct insulin levels were directly measured; ^¶E170 free insulin levels were measured after PEG precipitation, which denoted IA-unbound insulin; ^**P values were determined using Wilcoxon signed rank test, which represents the difference between E170 direct and free insulin levels within each group; ^††E170 total insulin levels were measured after addition of HCL (to separate insulin molecules from IAs) and PEG precipitation, which included IA-bound and unbound insulin; all of these were measured using the E170 insulin assay; ^‡‡IA-bound insulin levels were calculated from the difference between the E170 total and free insulin levels.

Abbreviations: IA, anti-insulin antibody; DM, diabetes mellitus; CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.