Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Initial ART
| Total (n=263) | PI (n=131) | NNRTI (n=132) | 1000 (n=134) | 30000 (n=129) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Baseline Characteristics
| ||||||
| Gender | male (%) | 136 (52%) | 69 (53%) | 67 (51%) | 71 (53%) | 65 (50%) |
|
| ||||||
| Age (years) | median (IQR) | 6.5(2.8–12.9) | 7.1(2.8–13.7) | 6.4(2.7–11.0) | 6.1(2.5–13.1) | 6.9(3.1–12.5) |
| [range] | [0.1–17.8] | [0.2–17.8] | [0.1–17.6] | [0.3–17.8] | [0.1–17.5] | |
|
| ||||||
| Ethnic origin | white (%) | 69 (26%) | 40 (31%) | 29 (22%) | 34 (25%) | 35 (27%) |
| black (%) | 129 (49%) | 60 (46%) | 69 (52%) | 64 (48%) | 65 (50%) | |
| hispanic/latino/asian/mixed (%) | 65 (25%) | 31 (24%) | 34 (26%) | 36 (27%) | 29 (22%) | |
|
| ||||||
| Route of infection | vertical (%) | 209 (79%) | 103 (79%) | 106 (80%) | 104 (78%) | 105 (81%) |
| parenteral (%) | 36 (14%) | 20 (15%) | 16 (12%) | 19 (14%) | 17 (13%) | |
| sexual contact (%) | 13 (5%) | 6 (5%) | 7 (5%) | 9 (7%) | 4 (3%) | |
| uncertain (%) | 5 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (2%) | |
|
| ||||||
| CDC Stage | N/A (%) | 128 (49%) | 62 (47%) | 66 (50%) | 67 (50%) | 61 (47%) |
| B/C (%) | 135 (51%) | 69 (53%) | 66 (50%) | 67 (50%) | 68 (53%) | |
|
| ||||||
| VL (log10c/ml) | mean (SD) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.9) |
|
| ||||||
| CD4% | mean (SD) | 18 (11) | 18 (11) | 18 (11) | 18 (11) | 18 (11) |
|
| ||||||
| Weight-for-age Z-score | mean (SD) | −0.8 (1.5) | −0.8 (1.5) | −0.8 (1.5) | −0.9 (1.5) | −0.7 (1.5) |
|
| ||||||
| Height-for-age Z-score | mean (SD) | −1.0 (1.4) | −1.0 (1.4) | −1.0 (1.4) | −1.0 (1.4) | −1.0 (1.4) |
|
| ||||||
| ART exposure for PMTCT | (%) | 39 (15%) | 19 (15%) | 20 (15%) | 22 (16%) | 17 (13%) |
|
| ||||||
| ≥1 major resistance mutation | (%) | 10/239 (4%) | 5/116 (4%) | 5/123 (4%) | 7/121 (6%) | 3/118 (3%) |
|
| ||||||
| HIV-1 Subtype* | B (%) | 101 (41%) | 52 (42%) | 49 (39%) | 52 (41%) | 49 (41%) |
| C (%) | 25 (10%) | 13 (11%) | 12 (10%) | 13 (10%) | 12 (10%) | |
| F (%) | 48 (19%) | 25 (20%) | 23 (18%) | 25 (20%) | 23 (19%) | |
| A/CRF_AG/D/G (%) | 52 (21%) | 21 (17%) | 31 (25%) | 25 (20%) | 27 (22%) | |
| unclassified (%) | 23 (9%) | 12 (10%) | 11 (9%) | 13 (10%) | 10 (8%) | |
|
| ||||||
|
Initial ART
| ||||||
| PI/NNRTI | ||||||
| lopinavir/ritonavir | 65 (25%) | 64 (49%) | 1 (1%) | 29 (22%) | 36 (28%) | |
| nelfinavir | 64 (24%) | 63 (48%) | 1 (1%) | 37 (28%) | 27 (21%) | |
| fosamprenavir/ritonavir or full-dose ritonavir | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | ||
| efavirenz | 82 (31%) | 2 (2%) | 80 (61%) | 43 (32%) | 39 (30%) | |
| nevirapine | 50 (19%) | 50 (38%) | 24 (18%) | 26 (20%) | ||
| NRTI backbone | ||||||
| zidovudine and lamivudine | 113 (43%) | 53 (40%) | 60 (45%) | 54 (40%) | 59 (46%) | |
| abacavir and lamivudine | 62 (24%) | 29 (22%) | 33 (25%) | 31 (23%) | 31 (24%) | |
| stavudine and lamivudine | 53 (20%) | 31 (24%) | 22 (17%) | 28 (21%) | 25 (19%) | |
| zidovudine and didanosine | 25 (10%) | 14 (11%) | 11 (8%) | 13 (10%) | 12 (9%) | |
| other | 10 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 6 (5%) | 8 (6%) | 2 (2%) | |
*
Available from 239 baseline resistance tests, and 10 resistance tests during follow-up (123 PI, 126 NNRTI; 128 1000, 121 30000).
VL = viral load, ART = antiretroviral therapy, PMTCT = prevention of mother-to-child transmission, ART = antiretroviral therapy, CRF = circulating recombinant form, PI = protease inhibitor, NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor