Table 2.
Demographic and Health Characteristics and Unadjusted Odds Ratios of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use in the Past 12 Months Among Lesbian and Heterosexual Women Enrolled in the ESTHER Project, Pittsburgh, PA, 2003–2006
| |
CAM use in past 12 months (N = 877) |
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | OR (95% CI) | p |
| Sexual orientation (n = 877) | <0.001 | |||
| Heterosexual | 255 (63.8) | 145 (36.3) | Reference | |
| Lesbian | 250 (52.4) | 227 (47.6) | 1.60 (1.22, 2.10) | |
| Age (n = 877) | 0.479 | |||
| 35–39 | 76 (60.3) | 50 (39.7) | Reference | |
| 40–44 | 123 (60.6) | 80 (39.4) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.56) | |
| 45–49 | 127 (58.8) | 89 (41.2) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.67) | |
| 50–54 | 87 (55.77) | 69 (44.2) | 1.21 (0.75, 1.94) | |
| 55–64 | 92 (52.3) | 84 (47.7) | 1.38 (0.87, 2.21) | |
| Race (n = 877) | <0.0001 | |||
| Caucasian | 444 (55.0) | 363 (45.0) | Reference | |
| African American | 61 (87.1) | 9 (12.9) | 0.18 (0.09, 0.37) | |
| Education (n = 877) | <0.0001 | |||
| High school or less | 77 (82.8) | 16 (17.2) | Reference | |
| Some college | 145 (68.4) | 67 (31.6) | 2.22 (1.21, 4.10) | |
| Bachelors | 115 (53.0) | 102 (47.0) | 4.27 (2.34, 7.78) | |
| Graduate | 168 (47.3) | 187 (52.7) | 5.36 (3.01, 9.54) | |
| Household income (n = 861) | 0.313 | |||
| <$25,000 | 76 (61.3) | 48 (38.7) | Reference | |
| $25,000–$39,999 | 78 (53.4) | 68 (46.6) | 1.38 (0.85, 2.24) | |
| $40,000–$59,999 | 116 (60.7) | 75 (39.3) | 1.02 (0.64, 1.63) | |
| $60,000–$74,999 | 56 (50.5) | 55 (49.6) | 1.56 (0.93, 2.61) | |
| $75,000+ | 167 (57.8) | 122 (42.2) | 1.16 (0.75, 1.78) | |
| Self-reported health status (n = 877) | 0.720 | |||
| Excellent | 274 (56.4) | 212 (43.6) | Reference | |
| Good | 178 (58.9) | 124 (41.1) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.21) | |
| Poor | 53 (59.6) | 36 (40.5) | 0.88 (0.55, 1.39) | |
| Last routine doctor's visit (n = 877) | 0.423 | |||
| ≤1 Year ago | 367 (57.0) | 277 (43.0) | Reference | |
| >1–2 Years ago | 75 (56.0) | 59 (44.0) | 1.04 (0.72, 1.52) | |
| >2 Years or don't know | 63 (63.6) | 36 (36.4) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.17) | |
| Have provider of usual care (n = 876) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 112 (22.2) | 47 (29.6) | Reference | |
| Yes | 392 (54.7) | 325 (45.3) | 1.98 (1.36, 2.86) | |
| Perceived discriminated in a health care establishment (n = 877) | 0.003 | |||
| No | 450 (59.6) | 305 (40.4) | Reference | |
| Yes | 55 (45.1) | 67 (54.9) | 1.80 (1.22, 2.64) | |
| Health insurance coverage (n = 875) | 0.338 | |||
| Uninsured | 43 (63.2) | 25 (36.8) | Reference | |
| Insured | 462 (57.3) | 345 (42.8) | 1.28 (0.77, 2.14) | |
| Residence (n = 877) | <0.0001 | |||
| Large city | 169 (49.1) | 175 (50.9) | Reference | |
| Not large city | 336 (63.0) | 197 (37.0) | 0.57 (0.43, 0.75) | |
| Spirituality (n = 823) | <0.0001 | |||
| Somewhat/not at all | 207 (63.9) | 117 (36.1) | Reference | |
| Spiritual | 172 (58.1) | 124 (41.9) | 1.28 (0.92, 1.76) | |
| Very spiritual | 86 (42.4) | 117 (57.6) | 2.41 (1.68, 3.45) | |
| Diagnosed with: | ||||
| Heart-related condition (n = 874) | 0.204 | |||
| No | 274 (59.6) | 186 (40.4) | Reference | |
| Yes | 229 (55.3) | 185 (44.7) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.56) | |
| Cancer (n = 862) | 0.525 | |||
| No | 459 (57.4) | 341 (42.6) | Reference | |
| Yes | 33 (53.2) | 29 (46.8) | 1.18 (0.71, 1.99) | |
| Autoimmune disorder (n = 875) | 0.079 | |||
| No | 315 (60.0) | 210 (40.0) | Reference | |
| Yes | 189 (54.0) | 161 (46.0) | 1.28 (0.97, 1.68) | |
| Respiratory disorder (n = 874) | 0.572 | |||
| No | 415 (57.9) | 302 (42.1) | Reference | |
| Yes | 87 (55.4) | 70 (44.6) | 1.11 (0.78, 1.57) | |
| Mental-health-related condition (n = 875) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 297 (63.2) | 173 (36.8) | Reference | |
| Yes | 207 (51.1) | 198 (48.9) | 1.64 (1.25, 2.15) | |
| HIV/AIDS (n = 875) | 0.320 | |||
| No | 497 (57.5) | 367 (41.9) | Reference | |
| Yes | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | 0.51 (0.13, 1.93) | |
| Ulcers (n = 875) | 0.034 | |||
| No | 481 (58.4) | 342 (41.6) | Reference | |
| Yes | 22 (43.1) | 29 (56.9) | 1.85 (1.05, 3.28) | |
ESTHER, Epidemiologic STudy of HEalth Risk in Women; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.