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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 9.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2009 Mar;110(3):660–672. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181986a9a

Table 2.

Ritonavir–indinavir Effects on Methadone and Alfentanil Pupil Effect Parameters.

Control Acute Ritonavir/Indinavir Steady-state Ritonavir/Indinavir
IV alfentanil
 Maximum miosis, mm 4.5 ± 0.7 4.2 ± 0.8
 Maximum miosis/dose, mm/mg 4.5 ± 0.9 6.4 ± 1.3 *
 AUEC0-∞/dose, mm · h−1 · mg−1 3.4 ± 1.9 16.1 ± 10.5 *
 AUEC0-∞/dose ratio, ritonavir-indinavir/control 4.6 (3.1, 6.8)
Oral alfentanil
 Maximum miosis, mm 1.7 ± 0.6 3.8 ± 1.0 * 3.6± 1.0 *
 Maximum miosis/dose, mm/mg 0.6 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.9 * 2.3 ± 0.6
 AUEC0-∞/dose, mm · h−1 · mg−1 0.9 ± 0.5 34 ± 30 * 18± 16 *†
 AUEC0-∞/dose ratio, ritonavir-indinavir/control 41 (21–81) 24 (14–23)
Methadone
 Maximum miosis, mm 2.9 ± 1.0 3.5 ± 0.7 3.2 ± 0.8
 AUEC0-∞, mm/h 52 ± 24 65 ± 26 48 ± 25
 AUEC0-∞ ratio, ritonavir-indinavir/control 1.22 (0.94–1.57) 0.90 (0.75–1.09)
*

Significantly different from control (P<0.05);

†

significantly different from acute ritonavir/indinavir (P < 0.05).

Subjects received 15 and 10 μg/kg intravenous (IV) alfentanil and 43 and 23 μg/kg oral alfentanil at the control and ritonavir/indinavir sessions, respectively. Maximum miosis and area under the effect-time curve (AUEC) for alfentanil are shown normalized to dose. All other variables are not dose adjusted. Subjects received 6.0 mg IV and 11.0 mg oral methadone HCl at all sessions. Results (n = 12) are the arithmetic mean ± SD, except the AUEC0-∞/dose and AUEC0-∞ ratios (ritonavir-indinavir/control), which are the geometric mean (90% confidence interval).