Fig. 4.

(A) Experimental points on the boundary curves of the stability diagram as observed from a single charged particle (experiments performed with a radius of 0.491 ± 0.0065 μm at a fixed frequency f = 2 MHz). The solid line is the theoretically calculated stability boundary for Q/ΓM = 4 × 10^-6 e per atomic mass unit. The dimensionless damping coefficient b = 2.83 is calculated by b = 2ξ/MΩ, using known parameters. (B) Gaussian distribution of fitting Q/ΓM for a total of 121 beads from the same solution. The mean value is 4.77 × 10^-6 eper atomic mass unit and standard deviation is 1.95 × 10^-6 e per atomic mass unit.