Table 1.
Demographic data of clinical groups and controls
| Controls (n = 27) | TD (n = 21) | ADHD (n = 23) | ADHD+TD (n = 25) | Group comparison p-value | Post-hoc comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (M, SD) | 12.0 (1.5) | 11.3 (1.6) | 11.9 (1.9) | 11.7 (2.3) | 0.57 | n.a. |
| IQ (M, SD) | 104.8 (9.5) | 105.8 (11.8) | 101.0 (9.2) | 99.8 (11.9) | 0.17 | n.a. |
| Sex (m/f) | 22/5 | 15/6 | 18/5 | 20/5 | 0.85 | n.a. |
| Comorbid diagnoses | ||||||
| Elimination disorder (n) | n.a. | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.54 | n.a. |
| Specific dev. disorder (n)a | n.a. | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0.31 | n.a. |
| Emotional disorder child. (n)b | n.a. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.59 | n.a. |
| Specific phobia (n) | n.a. | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.41 | n.a. |
| CBCLc | ||||||
| Internalizing (M, SD) | n.a. | 51.7 (10.6) | 57.6 (12.2) | 61.2 (10.7) | 0.03 | ADHD+TD>TD* |
| Externalizing (M, SD) | n.a. | 48.1 (9.9) | 59.4 (11.0) | 61.9 (7.3) | <0.001 | ADHD+TD & ADHD>TD* |
| Attention problems (M, SD) | n.a. | 57.4 (6.1) | 63.1 (8.2) | 69.9 (11.4) | <0.001 | ADHD+TD>TD & ADHD* |
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, TD tic disorder; f female; m male; Emotional disorder child. emotional disorder with onset specific to childhood
aSpecific developmental disorders included the following ICD-10 diagnoses: F81.0, F81.1, F82.0, F80.8
bEmotional disorders with onset specific to childhood included the following ICD-10 diagnoses: F93.0, F93.3
ct-scores
*p < 0.05 (two-tailed)